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  2. Conservation of energy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservation_of_energy

    This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 4 December 2024. Law of physics and chemistry This article is about the law of conservation of energy in physics. For sustainable energy resources, see Energy conservation. Part of a series on Continuum mechanics J = − D d φ d x {\displaystyle J=-D{\frac {d\varphi }{dx}}} Fick's laws of diffusion Laws ...

  3. First law of thermodynamics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_law_of_thermodynamics

    This problem is solved by recourse to the principle of conservation of energy. This principle allows a composite isolated system to be derived from two other component non-interacting isolated systems, in such a way that the total energy of the composite isolated system is equal to the sum of the total energies of the two component isolated ...

  4. Lagrangian mechanics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lagrangian_mechanics

    Historically, the idea of finding the shortest path a particle can follow subject to a force motivated the first applications of the calculus of variations to mechanical problems, such as the Brachistochrone problem solved by Jean Bernoulli in 1696, as well as Leibniz, Daniel Bernoulli, L'Hôpital around the same time, and Newton the following ...

  5. Conservation law - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservation_law

    In physics, a conservation law states that a particular measurable property of an isolated physical system does not change as the system evolves over time. Exact conservation laws include conservation of mass-energy, conservation of linear momentum, conservation of angular momentum, and conservation of electric charge.

  6. Energy conservation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_conservation

    Energy conservation is the effort to ... implications of energy conservation measures and solving environmental problems. [3] Substantial energy conservation may be ...

  7. Heat equation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_equation

    For heat flow, the heat equation follows from the physical laws of conduction of heat and conservation of energy (Cannon 1984). By Fourier's law for an isotropic medium, the rate of flow of heat energy per unit area through a surface is proportional to the negative temperature gradient across it: =

  8. Continuity equation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continuity_equation

    Continuity equations are a stronger, local form of conservation laws. For example, a weak version of the law of conservation of energy states that energy can neither be created nor destroyed—i.e., the total amount of energy in the universe is fixed. This statement does not rule out the possibility that a quantity of energy could disappear ...

  9. Thermodynamics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermodynamics

    where U 0 denotes the internal energy of the combined system, and U 1 and U 2 denote the internal energies of the respective separated systems. Adapted for thermodynamics, this law is an expression of the principle of conservation of energy, which states that energy can be transformed (changed from one form to another), but cannot be created or ...