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Thyrotoxic myopathy is usually diagnosed by a neurologist who has extensive experience diagnosing neuromuscular disorders. There are many types of neuromuscular disorders that present similar physical symptoms. Extensive clinical tests are performed first to determine if there is a neuromuscular disorder and then to determine which disorder it is.
Thyrotoxic periodic paralysis (TPP) is a rare condition featuring attacks of muscle weakness in the presence of hyperthyroidism (overactivity of the thyroid gland). Hypokalemia (a decreased potassium level in the blood) is usually present during attacks.
Zaspopathy, [1] also called ZASP-related myofibril myopathy, [2] is a novel autosomal dominant [3] form of progressive muscular dystrophy, first described in 2005.
Myopathy experienced over a long period (chronic) may result in the muscle becoming an abnormal size, such as muscle atrophy (abnormally small) or a pseudoathletic appearance (abnormally large). Capture myopathy can occur in wild or captive animals, such as deer and kangaroos, and leads to morbidity and mortality. [2]
AIT type 2 is a form of an immune system response to the cytotoxic properties of amiodarone and results in a destructive thyroiditis (inflammation in the thyroid). [ 7 ] [ 9 ] This causes pre-existing thyroid hormones to spill out from damaged cells into the circulation and a resultant immunologic reaction.
Myxedema coma is an extreme or decompensated form of hypothyroidism and while uncommon, is potentially lethal. [1] [2] [3] A person may have laboratory values identical to a "normal" hypothyroid state, but a stressful event (such as an infection, myocardial infarction, or stroke) precipitates the myxedema coma state, usually in the elderly.
Some people with a metabolic myopathy never develop symptoms due to the body's ability to produce enough ATP through alternative pathways (e.g. the majority of those with AMP-deaminase deficiency are asymptomatic [1] [21]). H 2 O + ATP → H + + ADP + P i + energy → muscle contraction [22] ATP is needed for muscle contraction by two processes:
[4] [5] Similar to subacute granulomatous thyroiditis, there is an initial transient thyrotoxic phase that can last 2-5 months followed by a hypothyroid phase. Thyrotoxic symptoms are usually mild and in some individuals, the hypothyroid phase is the only symptomatic phase.