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Richard I (8 September 1157 – 6 April 1199), known as Richard Cœur de Lion (Old Norman French: Quor de Lion) [1] [2] or Richard the Lionheart because of his reputation as a great military leader and warrior, [3] [4] [5] was King of England from 1189 until his death in 1199.
Richard Plantagenet may refer to any Richard who was a descendant of Geoffrey Plantagenet, Count of Anjou: Richard I of England (1157–1199), also known as Richard the Lionheart, third son of King Henry II of England; Richard, 1st Earl of Cornwall (1209–1272), second son of John of England and younger brother of Henry III of England
Philip of Cognac (early 1180s – after 1211 [1]) was an illegitimate son of King Richard I of England, [2] by an unidentified mother.. Philip had reached adulthood by the end of the 1190s.
He was formally appointed marshal by Richard the Lionheart. William served five English kings in his lifetime: Henry II, Henry "the Young King", Richard I "The Lionheart", John Lackland, and Henry III, to whom he became regent in 1216. In 1199 he became the Earl of Pembroke, having married Isabel de Clare. [6]
Several candidates were considered for Matilda's hand in marriage including the kings of Scotland and Hungary. After the death of her grandfather, King Henry II, in 1189, her uncle Richard the Lionheart arranged a marriage with Geoffrey of Perche, [1] heir to a strategic manor in Normandy, and a crusader of the Third Crusade. Geoffrey returned ...
In 1185, Berengaria was given the fief of Monreal in Navarre by her father. [1] Eleanor of Aquitaine promoted the engagement of Berengaria to her son Richard the Lionheart. An alliance with Navarre meant protection for the southern borders of Eleanor's Duchy of Aquitaine and helped create better relations with neighbouring Castile, whose queen was Richard's sister Eleanor.
During the reign of Henry II, there are records of a Sir Richard Tylden who was seneschal (or steward) to Hugh de Lacy, Constable of Chester. Henry's son, Richard I "the Lionheart", who led the Third Crusade with Philip II of France in 1190, was accompanied by a Sir Richard Tylden.
Richard the Lionheart and others embarked on the Third Crusade in 1189. Early in 1191, Berengaria of Navarre, the fiancée of Richard, and Joan of England, the sister of Richard, travelled together and were shipwrecked on Cyprus; Isaac Komnenos then took them captive. In retaliation, Richard conquered the island while on his way to Tyre. [1]