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Hacienda Lealtad is a working coffee hacienda which used slave labor in the 19th century, located in Lares, Puerto Rico. [1]A hacienda (UK: / ˌ h æ s i ˈ ɛ n d ə / HASS-ee-EN-də or US: / ˌ h ɑː s i ˈ ɛ n d ə / HAH-see-EN-də; Spanish: or ) is an estate (or finca), similar to a Roman latifundium, in Spain and the former Spanish Empire.
Much like Mexico and other Spanish colonies in the Americas, the Spanish settlement in the Philippines revolved around the encomienda system of plantations, known as haciendas. As the 19th century progressed, industrialization and liberalization of trade allowed these encomiendas to expand their cash crops , establishing a strong sugar industry ...
The land tenure of Latin America is called the 'Latifundio–minifundio' structure. This dualistic tenure system is characterized by relatively few large commercial estates known as latifundios, which are over 500 hectares and numerous small properties known as minifundios, which are under 5 hectares.
Hacienda owners were reluctant to lease lands to Indians for fear that they would then claim land as part of the fundo legal for a newly established community. [46] Abad y Queipo concluded "The indivisibility of haciendas, the difficulty in managing them, the lack of property among the people, has produced and continues to produce deplorable ...
A latifundium (Latin: latus, "spacious", and fundus, "farm", "estate") [1] was originally the term used by ancient Romans for great landed estates specialising in agriculture destined for sale: grain, olive oil, or wine.
With the New Laws of 1542, the repartimiento was instated to substitute the encomienda system that had come to be seen as abusive and promoting of unethical behavior. The Spanish Crown aimed to remove control of the indigenous population, now considered subjects of the Crown, from the hands of the encomenderos, who had become a politically influential and wealthy class, with the shift away ...
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Zanja – Historical irrigation system used in the American Southwest; For more on la brea, see bitumen, history of oil in California through 1930, and La Brea Tar Pits; Ranchería and List of California Rancherías; Hacienda – Spanish word used to refer to estates with large business enterprises