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An image of the Gulf Stream's path and its related branches The average number of days per year with precipitation The average amount of sunshine yearly (hours). The climate of western Europe is strongly conditioned by the Gulf Stream, which keeps mild air (for the latitude) over Northwestern Europe in the winter months, especially in Ireland, the United Kingdom and coastal Norway.
The relatively warm climate of Northern Europe, compared to other places at a similar latitude and even somewhat farther south, is primarily influenced by the combination of the Gulf Stream and the general west wind drift caused by the Earth's rotation. This climate characteristic contributes to the region's relatively mild temperatures.
Dfa climates usually occur in the high 30s and low 40s latitudes, with a qualifying average temperature in the warmest month of greater than 22 °C (72 °F). In Europe, these climates tend to be much drier than in North America. Dsa exists at higher elevations adjacent to areas with hot summer Mediterranean (Csa) climates. [10]: 231–32
An oceanic climate is typically found along west coasts in higher middle latitudes of all the world's continents, and in southeastern Australia, and is accompanied by plentiful precipitation year-round, cool summers, and small annual ranges of temperatures. Most climates of this type are found from 45 latitude to 55 latitude.
Climate of Europe by country (24 C) Climate of South America by country (5 C) A. Climate of Afghanistan (2 C, 2 P) Climate of Argentina (1 C, 19 P)
Western Europe and parts of Central Europe generally fall into the temperate maritime climate (Cfb), the southern part is mostly a Mediterranean climate (mostly Csa, smaller area with Csb), the north-central part and east into central Russia is mostly a humid continental climate (Dfb) and the northern part of the continent is a subarctic ...
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Continental climates exist where cold air masses infiltrate during the winter from shorter days and warm air masses form in summer under conditions of high sun and longer days. Places with continental climates are as a rule either far from any moderating effect of oceans or are so situated that prevailing winds tend to head offshore. [6]