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In 1843, Carl Gustaf Mosander discovered terbium and erbium as components of yttria. [4]: 38 [2]: 701 [5] [6] [7] However, this discovery was hotly contested. Spectroscopist Nils Johan Berlin denied that the two elements existed, failing to confirm the existence of "erbia" and suggesting that its name be applied to "terbia". [8]
The mineral ytterbite (later named gadolinite). Lanthanum can be obtained from the black portion. A sample of the element lanthanum. Mosander discovered lanthanum in 1838. This came from the Cerite-(Ce) from Bastnaes, Sweden, which at the time was the only abundant source for "Cerium", which had been discovered therein by Berzelius and Hisinger ...
Erbium metal retains its luster in dry air, however will tarnish slowly in moist air and burns readily to form erbium(III) oxide: [9] 4 Er + 3 O 2 → 2 Er 2 O 3. Erbium is quite electropositive and reacts slowly with cold water and quite quickly with hot water to form erbium hydroxide: [13] 2 Er (s) + 6 H 2 O (l) → 2 Er(OH) 3 (aq) + 3 H 2 (g)
Carl Gustaf Mosander, the scientist who discovered terbium, lanthanum and erbium. Swedish chemist Carl Gustaf Mosander discovered terbium in 1843. [45] [46] He detected it as an impurity in yttrium oxide, Y 2 O 3, then known as yttria. Yttrium, erbium, and terbium are all named after the village of Ytterby in Sweden.
The identification of new "earths" extended over 100 years, and eventually led to the understanding of elements and their relationships in the periodic system. [12] [19] Ytterbite was eventually found to contain eight stable rare earth elements (terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium, lutetium, and yttrium).
The name of the village translates to "outer village". [2] Ytterby is the single richest source of elemental discoveries in the world; the chemical elements yttrium (Y), terbium (Tb), erbium (Er), and ytterbium (Yb) are all named after Ytterby, and five more elements were also first discovered there.
He discovered the element holmium in 1879 by examining a sample of erbium oxide. [3] [8] While removing impurities from a sample of erbium oxide, Cleve discovered a brown substance and a green substance, and the brown substance was holmium oxide (the green substance was thulium oxide). [8] [9] However, this sample may have been impure. [10]
Henry Bergh (August 29, 1813 – March 12, 1888) founded the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (ASPCA) in April, 1866, three days after the first effective legislation against animal cruelty in the United States was passed into law by the New York State Legislature. One of the tasks he undertook was to pass a law that ...