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The New Testament Greek equivalent to sheol is hades, which is also a general reference to “the place of the dead.” Sheol/hades is divided into a place of blessing (where Lazarus was in Luke 16) and a place of torment (where the rich man was in Luke 16).
Hades is the place where the wicked dead reside and are punished. In the parable of the rich man and Lazarus, the rich man experiences torment in Hades. This is the intermediate state, for the bodily resurrection and the final judgment are still future. Jesus' point is that Hades foreshadows the rich man's final judgment.
Hades is “the present dwelling place of all the departed” or “the infernal regions, a dark [...] and dismal place.” In Revelation 20, however, Hades was thrown into the Lake of Fire alongside death, suggesting that even in biblical reference, Hades was both a person and a place.
Hades is a place of temporary punishment of the unrighteous dead. Jesus told the story of the rich man and Lazarus. In Hades, where he [the rich man] was being tormented, he looked up and saw Abraham far away with Lazarus by his side.
The Bible defines hell as an underground location in the center of the earth where people who have rejected God are tormented by fire, the gnashing of teeth of beasts, and the poison of serpents. The Hebrew word Sheol is defined the same as the Greek word Hades.
Hades is the place to which the rich man went when he was buried, in contrast to “Abraham’s bosom,” to which poor Lazarus was transported by angels when he died (Luke 16:23).
Hades is a Greek term used in the New Testament as a rough equivalent to the Hebrew word sheol and also describes the grave or location of the dead. Gehenna is a Greek word used in the New Testament that referred to the Valley of Hinnom, an actual valley outside of Jerusalem known as a burning rubbish pile.