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  2. Geographic coordinate system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system

    This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 14 February 2025. System to specify locations on Earth For broader coverage of this topic, see Spatial reference system. Longitude lines are perpendicular to and latitude lines are parallel to the Equator. Geodesy Fundamentals Geodesy Geodynamics Geomatics History Concepts Geographical distance Geoid ...

  3. List of countries by latitude - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_latitude

    Latitude Locations 90° N North Pole: 75° N: Arctic Ocean; Russia; northern Canada; Greenland: 60° N: Oslo, Norway; Helsinki, Finland; Stockholm, Sweden; major parts of Nordic countries in EU; St. Petersburg, Russia; southern Alaska United States; southern border of the Yukon and the Northwest territories in Canada; Shetland, UK (Scotland)

  4. Graticule (cartography) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graticule_(cartography)

    Map of Europe with a 30° graticule in dark gray. A graticule (from Latin crāticula 'grill/grating'), on a map, is a graphical depiction of a coordinate system as a grid of lines, each line representing a constant coordinate value. [1] It is thus a form of isoline, and is commonly found on maps of many kinds, at scales from local to global.

  5. History of longitude - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_longitude

    Ptolemy's map of the Mediterranean superimposed on a modern map, with Greenwich as the reference longitude. Ptolemy, in the 2nd century AD, based his mapping system on estimated distances and directions reported by travellers. Until then, all maps had used a rectangular grid with latitude and longitude as straight lines intersecting at right ...

  6. Mercator projection - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercator_projection

    However, if the map is marked with an accurate and finely spaced latitude scale from which the latitude may be read directly—as is the case for the Mercator 1569 world map (sheets 3, 9, 15) and all subsequent nautical charts—the meridian distance between two latitudes φ 1 and φ 2 is simply

  7. File:World map longlat-simple.svg - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:World_map_longlat...

    This image is a derivative work of the following images: File:World_map_longlat.svg licensed with Cc-by-sa-3.0 . 2009-08-19T12:19:11Z Thesevenseas 1200x684 (819861 Bytes) Removed Borders and Thickened Latitude and Longitude Lines

  8. World map - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_map

    A world map is a map of most or all of the surface of Earth. World maps, because of their scale, must deal with the problem of projection. Maps rendered in two dimensions by necessity distort the display of the three-dimensional surface of the Earth. While this is true of any map, these distortions reach extremes in a world map.

  9. Meridian (geography) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meridian_(geography)

    In other words, it is a coordinate line for longitudes, a line of longitude. The position of a point along the meridian at a given longitude is given by its latitude, measured in angular degrees north or south of the Equator. On a Mercator projection or on a Gall-Peters projection, each meridian is perpendicular to all circles of latitude.

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