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The Cheng cycle is a simplified form of combined cycle where the steam turbine is eliminated by injecting steam directly into the combustion turbine. This has been used since the mid 1970s and allows recovery of waste heat with less total complexity, but at the loss of the additional power and redundancy of a true combined cycle system.
A simple cycle gas turbine achieves energy conversion efficiencies from 20 to 35%. [5] Typical coal-based power plants operating at steam pressures of 170 bar and 570 °C run at efficiency of 35 to 38%, [6] with state-of-the-art fossil fuel plants at 46% efficiency. [7] Combined-cycle systems can reach higher values.
Cogeneration or combined heat and power (CHP) is the use of a heat engine [1] or power station to generate electricity and useful heat at the same time. Cogeneration is a more efficient use of fuel or heat, because otherwise-wasted heat from electricity generation is put to some productive use.
Large (land-based) electric powerplants built using this combined cycle can reach conversion efficiencies of over 60%. [ 1 ] If the turbines do not drive a propeller shaft directly and instead a turbo-electric transmission is used, the system is known as COGES (combined gas turbine-electric and steam).
The curve plots 501F combined cycle efficiency vs. time, with simple cycle power rating and heat rate shown at intervals along the development timeline. (Ed. Note: As of this edit in 2016, MHI offers the M501F3 at 185 MW and Siemens offers the SGT6-5000F (a.k.a. 501F) at 242MW, approximately the rating of the original 501G, below.)
A cogeneration plant in Berlin Gas generates over 20% of world electricity Share of electricity production from gas. A gas-fired power plant, sometimes referred to as gas-fired power station, natural gas power plant, or methane gas power plant, is a thermal power station that burns natural gas to generate electricity.
Emissions controls may also be located in the HRSG. Some may contain a selective catalytic reduction system to reduce nitrogen oxides (a large contributor to the formation of smog and acid rain) or a catalyst to remove carbon monoxide. The inclusion of an SCR dramatically affects the layout of the HRSG.
Diagram of a typical water-cooled surface condenser. Steam–electric power plants use a surface condenser cooled by water circulating through tubes. The steam which was used to turn the turbine is exhausted into the condenser and is condensed as it comes in contact with the tubes full of cool circulating water.