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A 19th-century artistic representation of Spartan boys exercising while young girls taunt them.. The agoge (Ancient Greek: ἀγωγή, romanized: ágōgḗ in Attic Greek, or ἀγωγά, ágōgá in Doric Greek) was the training program pre-requisite for Spartiate (citizen) status.
Spartan boys deemed strong enough entered the agoge regime at the age of seven, undergoing intense and rigorous military training. [3] Their education focused primarily on fostering cunningness, practicing sports and war tactics , and also included learning about poetry , music , academics , and sometimes politics .
Less information is available about the education of Spartan girls, but they seem to have gone through a fairly extensive formal educational cycle, broadly similar to that of the boys but with less emphasis on military training. Spartan girls received an education known as mousikē. This included music, dancing, singing and poetry.
In effect, the hoplite system was a strict method of training to ensure that discipline was maintained in the phalanx. The Spartans gained considerable reputation as hoplites, due to tactical capabilities developed through constant training. In addition to this military aspect, to be a hoplite was a key characteristic of Greek citizenship.
Messenia, homeland of Sparta's helot population, from Mount Ithome.. The Crypteia, also referred to as Krypteia or Krupteia (Greek: κρυπτεία krupteía from κρυπτός kruptós, "hidden, secret"; members were κρύπται kryptai), was an ancient Spartan state institution.
Young Spartans Exercising, also known as Young Spartans and as Young Spartan Girls Challenging Boys, [1] is an early oil on canvas painting by French impressionist artist Edgar Degas. The work depicts two groups of male and female Spartan youth exercising and challenging each other in some way.
The Gymnopaedia was an annual festival celebrated exclusively in ancient Sparta, which helped to define Spartan identity. [1] [2] It featured generations of naked Spartan men participating in war dancing and choral singing, with a large emphasis placed on age and generational groups.
The history of Sparta describes the history of the ancient Doric Greek city-state known as Sparta from its beginning in the legendary period to its incorporation into the Achaean League under the late Roman Republic, as Allied State, in 146 BC, a period of roughly 1000 years.