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Projection of the Kardashev scale to 2040 based on data from the International Energy Agency World Energy Outlook. Kardashev presented for the first time a classification of civilizations according to the level of the rate of their energy consumption, or ability to harness power, in an article entitled Transmission of Information by Extraterrestrial Civilizations, published in 1964 first in ...
In this context, self-limitation has been proposed as “the only non-authoritarian, democratic way towards an eco-compatible industrial civilization.” [3] Collectively defined self-limitation has thus been proposed as the underlying principle of establishing commensurate societal boundaries or thresholds that would allow humanity to exist ...
The energy intensity of the global economy (the amount of energy consumed per unit of gross domestic product (GDP)) is a rough indicator of the energy efficiency of economic production. [42] In 2010, global energy intensity was 5.6 megajoules (1.6 kWh ) per US dollar of GDP. [ 42 ]
Self-limiting may refer to: Self-limiting (biology), describing an organism or colony of organisms which limits its own growth; Governor (device), used to control the speed of mechanical equipment to prevent it from operating at unsafe speeds; Electronic speed limiter, a system set by a manufacturer or by a driver to limit the maximum speed ...
Low carbon power generation sources include wind power, solar power, nuclear power and most hydropower. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] The term largely excludes conventional fossil fuel plant sources, and is only used to describe a particular subset of operating fossil fuel power systems, specifically, those that are successfully coupled with a flue gas carbon ...
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Like the maximum power theorem, Odum's statement of the maximum power principle relies on the notion of 'matching', such that high-quality energy maximizes power by matching and amplifying energy (1994, pp. 262, 541): "in surviving designs a matching of high-quality energy with larger amounts of low-quality energy is likely to occur" (1994, p ...
The law of conservation of energy states that the total energy of an isolated system remains constant; it is said to be conserved over time. [1] In the case of a closed system, the principle says that the total amount of energy within the system can only be changed through energy entering or leaving the system. Energy can neither be created nor ...