Search results
Results from the WOW.Com Content Network
A variable is considered dependent if it depends on an independent variable. Dependent variables are studied under the supposition or demand that they depend, by some law or rule (e.g., by a mathematical function), on the values of other variables. Independent variables, in turn, are not seen as depending on any other variable in the scope of ...
In mathematical optimization, the method of Lagrange multipliers is a strategy for finding the local maxima and minima of a function subject to equation constraints (i.e., subject to the condition that one or more equations have to be satisfied exactly by the chosen values of the variables). [1] It is named after the mathematician Joseph-Louis ...
Interaction effect of education and ideology on concern about sea level rise. In statistics, an interaction may arise when considering the relationship among three or more variables, and describes a situation in which the effect of one causal variable on an outcome depends on the state of a second causal variable (that is, when effects of the two causes are not additive).
Informally, in attempting to estimate the causal effect of some variable X ("covariate" or "explanatory variable") on another Y ("dependent variable"), an instrument is a third variable Z which affects Y only through its effect on X. For example, suppose a researcher wishes to estimate the causal effect of smoking (X) on general health (Y). [5]
Regression models predict a value of the Y variable given known values of the X variables. Prediction within the range of values in the dataset used for model-fitting is known informally as interpolation. Prediction outside this range of the data is known as extrapolation. Performing extrapolation relies strongly on the regression assumptions.
z is a free variable and x and y are bound variables, associated with logical quantifiers; consequently the logical value of this expression depends on the value of z, but there is nothing called x or y on which it could depend. More widely, in most proofs, bound variables are used.
In numerical analysis, the shooting method is a method for solving a boundary value problem by reducing it to an initial value problem.It involves finding solutions to the initial value problem for different initial conditions until one finds the solution that also satisfies the boundary conditions of the boundary value problem.
The cost of this new constraint is computed assuming a maximal value for every value of the removed variable. Formally, if x {\displaystyle x} is the variable to be removed, C 1 , … , C n {\displaystyle C_{1},\ldots ,C_{n}} are the soft constraints containing it, and y 1 , … , y m {\displaystyle y_{1},\ldots ,y_{m}} are their variables ...