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The following table is a representative sample of Erwin Chargaff's 1952 data, listing the base composition of DNA from various organisms and support both of Chargaff's rules. [14] An organism such as φX174 with significant variation from A/T and G/C equal to one, is indicative of single stranded DNA.
Erwin Chargaff (11 August 1905 – 20 June 2002) was an Austro-Hungarian-born American biochemist, writer, and professor of biochemistry at Columbia University medical school. [1] A Bucovinian Jew who emigrated to the United States during the Nazi regime, he penned a well-reviewed [ 2 ] [ 3 ] autobiography, Heraclitean Fire: Sketches from a ...
The Path to The Double Helix: Discovery of DNA. MacMillan. ISBN 978-0-486-68117-7. (with foreword by Francis Crick; revised in 1994, with a 9-page postscript.) Watson, James D. (1980). The Double Helix: A Personal Account of the Discovery of the Structure of DNA. Atheneum. ISBN 978-0-689-70602-8. (first published in 1968) Wilkins, Maurice (2003).
Erwin Chargaff's work in 1950 demonstrated that, in DNA, the bases guanine and cytosine were found in equal abundance, and the bases adenine and thymine were found in equal abundance. However, there was no equality between the amount of one pair versus the other. [3] Chargaff's finding is referred to as Chargaff's rule or parity rule 2. [3]
1950: Erwin Chargaff determined the pairing method of nitrogenous bases. Chargaff and his team studied the DNA from multiple organisms and found three things (also known as Chargaff's rules). First, the concentration of the pyrimidines (guanine and adenine) are always found in the same amount as one another.
Phoebus Aaron Theodore Levene (25 February 1869 – 6 September 1940) was a Russian-born American biochemist who studied the structure and function of nucleic acids. He characterized the different forms of nucleic acid, DNA from RNA, and found that DNA contained adenine, guanine, thymine, cytosine, deoxyribose, and a phosphate group. [1]
The equalities G = C and A = T suggested that these bases were paired, this pairing being the basis of the DNA structure that is now known to be correct. Conversely the inequalities G ≠ A etc. meant that DNA could not have a systematic repetition of a fundamental unit, as required by the tetranucleotide hypothesis.
Later, Erwin Chargaff(1950) discovered that the makeup of DNA differs from one species to another. These experiments helped pave the way for the discovery of the structure of DNA. In 1953, with the help of Maurice Wilkins and Rosalind Franklin's X-ray crystallography, James Watson and Francis Crick proposed DNA is structured as a double helix. [1]