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Plethodontidae, or lungless salamanders, are a family of salamanders. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] With over 500 species, lungless salamanders are by far the largest family of salamanders in terms of their diversity. Most species are native to the Western Hemisphere , from British Columbia to Brazil.
Salamandridae is a family of salamanders consisting of true salamanders and newts. Salamandrids are distinguished from other salamanders by the lack of rib or costal grooves along the sides of their bodies and by their rough skin. Their skin is very granular because of the number of poison glands. They also lack nasolabial grooves.
Many species within this group (including the nominal species) are commonly known as "slimy salamanders", characterized by a large size, robust build and black-and-white coloration. Not all members of the Plethodon glutinosus group are labelled as slimy salamanders, and species delimitation among slimy salamanders and their close relatives is a ...
All the largest species are found in the four families giant salamanders, sirens, Congo eels and Proteidae, who are all aquatic and obligate paedomorphs. [ 9 ] [ 10 ] Some of the largest terrestrial salamanders, which goes through full metamorphosis, belongs to the family of Pacific giant salamanders , and are much smaller. [ 11 ]
The Cope's giant salamander (Dicamptodon copei) is a species of salamander in the family Dicamptodontidae. [4] It reaches between 12.4–19.1 cm (4 + 7 ⁄ 8 – 7 + 1 ⁄ 2 in). The salamander resembles Pacific giant salamander larvae, but it never transforms to a terrestrial stage. It is smaller overall with a narrower head and shorter limbs.
Speleomantes, or European cave salamanders, are a genus of salamander in the family Plethodontidae, or lungless salamanders. It is one of two genera in the family to inhabit the Old World (the other being Karsenia ), with the remaining 250 or so species being found in North, Central and South America.
The Cascade torrent salamander (Rhyacotriton cascadae) is a species of salamander in the family Rhyacotritonidae. The Cascade torrent salamander are a small species of salamanders, with adults reaching about two inches on average. Their color ranges from brown to black, and they usually exhibit yellowish underbellies and spotted sides. [2]
The white-spotted slimy salamander (Plethodon cylindraceus) is a species of salamander in the family Plethodontidae endemic to the Eastern United States. It is one of 55 species in the genus Plethodon , and was one of the first to be described of its cogeners. [ 1 ]