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Arnica montana: Arnica: Used as an anti-inflammatory [23] and for osteoarthritis. [24] The US Food and Drug Administration has classified Arnica montana as an unsafe herb because of its toxicity. [25] It should not be taken orally or applied to broken skin where absorption can occur. [25] Astragalus propinquus: Astragalus: Long used in ...
The US Food and Drug Administration has classified Arnica montana as an unsafe herb because of its toxicity. [5] It should not be taken orally or applied to broken skin where absorption can occur. [5] Arnica irritates mucous membranes and may elicit stomach pain, diarrhea, and vomiting. [5] It may produce contact dermatitis when applied to skin ...
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Cholestatic pruritus is the sensation of itch due to nearly any liver disease, but the most commonly associated entities are primary biliary cholangitis, primary sclerosing cholangitis, obstructive choledocholithiasis, carcinoma of the bile duct, cholestasis (also see drug-induced pruritus), and chronic hepatitis C viral infection and other forms of viral hepatitis.
The exact mechanism of the condition is unknown. Some studies have suggested the itching occurs in response to increased fibrinolytic activity in the skin, [5] [6] inappropriate activation of the sympathetic nervous system, [7] increased activity of acetylcholinesterase, [8] [9] or an increase in mast cell degranulation that releases histamine and other chemicals into the body.
Generalized itch, or itching across the whole body, can be a symptom of a dermatological disorder or an underlying systemic problem. [13] Some systemic diseases can that cause generalized itch include diabetes, hypothyroidism, kidney diseases and liver diseases. [14] [13] It is usually treated with systemic agents instead of topical agents. [15]
It is native to western North America from Alaska to California to New Mexico, as far east as Ontario and Michigan. [10] [11] It is a plant of many habitat types, including coniferous forests, and moist mountain meadows from sea level to altitudes of above 3,700 metres (12,000 ft), but most commonly between 1,200–3,400 m (4,000–11,000 ft).
Helenalin, or (-)-4-Hydroxy-4a,8-dimethyl-3,3a,4a,7a,8,9,9a-octahydroazuleno[6,5-b]furan-2,5-dione, is a toxic sesquiterpene lactone which can be found in several plants such as Arnica montana and Arnica chamissonis Helenalin is responsible for the toxicity of the Arnica spp.