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While reptiles and amphibians can be quite similar externally, the French zoologist Pierre André Latreille recognized the large physiological differences at the beginning of the 19th century and split the herptiles into two classes, giving the four familiar classes of tetrapods: amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals. [30]
For instance, descendants of the first reptiles include modern reptiles, mammals and birds; the agnathans have given rise to the jawed vertebrates; the bony fishes have given rise to the land vertebrates; a group of amphibians, the labyrinthodonts, have given rise to the reptiles (traditionally including the mammal-like synapsids), which in ...
Reptiles, from Nouveau Larousse Illustré, 1897–1904, notice the inclusion of amphibians (below the crocodiles). In the 13th century, the category of reptile was recognized in Europe as consisting of a miscellany of egg-laying creatures, including "snakes, various fantastic monsters, lizards, assorted amphibians, and worms", as recorded by Beauvais in his Mirror of Nature. [7]
[186] [187] A wide variety of animals are kept as pets, from invertebrates such as tarantulas, octopuses, and praying mantises, [188] reptiles such as snakes and chameleons, [189] and birds including canaries, parakeets, and parrots [190] all finding a place. However, the most kept pet species are mammals, namely dogs, cats, and rabbits.
The decline in amphibian and reptile populations has led to an awareness of the effects of pesticides on reptiles and amphibians. [177] In the past, the argument that amphibians or reptiles were more susceptible to any chemical contamination than any land aquatic vertebrate was not supported by research until recently. [ 177 ]
Lizard is the common name used for all squamate reptiles other than snakes (and to a lesser extent amphisbaenians), encompassing over 7,000 species, [1] ranging across all continents except Antarctica, as well as most oceanic island chains.
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Biology of the Reptilia is an online copy of the full text of a 22-volume 13,000-page summary of the state of research of reptiles. HerpMapper is a database of reptile and amphibian sightings; Amphibian and Reptile Atlas of Peninsular California, San Diego Natural History Museum; A Primer on Reptiles and Amphibians; Field Herp Forum