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Fear-avoidance model. The fear-avoidance model (or FA model) is a psychiatric model that describes how individuals develop and maintain chronic musculoskeletal pain as a result of attentional processes and avoidant behavior based on pain-related fear.
Personal resources, such as status, social support, money, or shelter, may reduce or prevent an employee's emotional exhaustion. According to the Conservation of Resources theory (COR), people strive to obtain, retain and protect their personal resources, either instrumental (for example, money or shelter), social (such as social support or status), or psychological (for example, self-esteem ...
Complaints like fatigue and decreased cognitive ability dominated, and many believed their working conditions to be the cause. [ 49 ] : 16 In 2003, the American psychiatrists Philip M. Liu and David A. Van Liew [ 50 ] advanced the view that the concept of burnout is largely bereft of meaning and has often come to refer to "stress-induced ...
Pain psychology can also be regarded as a branch of medical psychology, as many conditions associated with chronic pain have significant medical outcomes. Untreated pain or ineffective treatment of pain can result in symptoms of anxiety and depression, thus it is vital that appropriate pain management occur in a timely fashion following symptom ...
Generalized anxiety disorder is "characterized by chronic excessive worry accompanied by three or more of the following symptoms: restlessness, fatigue, concentration problems, irritability, muscle tension, and sleep disturbance". [13] Generalized anxiety disorder is the most common anxiety disorder to affect older adults. [14]
These can include a decline in physical health, such as headaches, chest pain, fatigue, sleep problems, [1] and depression. The process of stress management is a key factor that can lead to a happy and successful life in modern society. [citation needed] Stress management provides numerous ways to manage anxiety and maintain overall well-being.
In many cases, pain levels can vary depending on circumstances, and can often be moderated to some extent by activity and mood. For example, pain symptoms may become more intense when focused on, and less intense when the person is engaged in enjoyable activities. [5] The same can be said about excessive worry.
The DSM-IV changed the definition of excessive worry and the number of associated psychophysiological symptoms required for a diagnosis. [30] Another aspect of the diagnosis the DSM-IV clarified was what constitutes a symptom as occurring "often". [33] The DSM-IV also required difficulty controlling the worry to be diagnosed with GAD.