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In economics, a leakage is a diversion of funds from some iterative process. For example, in the Keynesian depiction of the circular flow of income and expenditure, leakages are the non-consumption uses of income, including saving, taxes, and imports. In this model, leakages are equal in quantity to injections of spending from outside the flow ...
'Leakage' means withdrawal from the flow. When households and firms save part of their incomes it constitutes leakage. They may be in form of savings, tax payments, and imports. Leakages reduce the flow of income. 'Injection' means the introduction of income into the flow. When households and firms borrow savings, they constitute injections.
Pronoun (antōnymíā): a part of speech substitutable for a noun and marked for a person; Preposition (próthesis): a part of speech placed before other words in composition and in syntax; Adverb (epírrhēma): a part of speech without inflection, in modification of or in addition to a verb, adjective, clause, sentence, or other adverb
Specific utility taxes - in this case, certain services are provided on a utility basis and consumers are charged fees, user charges, or tolls. Taxes instead of fees - In cases where direct fees are costly to impose, a tax on the free product can be used instead of fees. For example, taxes can be used in lieu of tolls on automobiles.
A poll tax, also called a per capita tax, or capitation tax, is a tax that levies a set amount per individual. It is an example of the concept of fixed tax. One of the earliest taxes mentioned in the Bible of a half-shekel per annum from each adult Jew (Ex. 30:11–16) was a form of the poll tax. Poll taxes are administratively cheap because ...
But the adoption of the broader construction leaves the power to spend subject to limitations. … [T]he powers of taxation and appropriation extend only to matters of national, as distinguished from local, welfare. The tax imposed in Butler was nevertheless held unconstitutional as a violation of the Tenth Amendment reservation of power to the ...
For her part, Saujani believes Trump was making a different point that she called “shocking”: that the cost of child care is not that a big problem for the U.S. when compared to the sums ...
The tax schemes that enable multinationals to achieve aggressive tax optimisation are complex. They are often set up by specialised companies such as tax law firms or large international accounting and financial audit firms such as PwC, EY, Deloitte and KPMG (the so-called "Big Four"). The LuxLeaks scandal has highlighted the role of these tax ...