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These performance requirements often correspond to a well-known algorithm, which is expected but not required to be used. In most cases this requires linear time O(n) or linearithmic time O(n log n), but in some cases higher bounds are allowed, such as quasilinear time O(n log 2 n) for stable sort (to allow in-place merge sort).
The following is a declaration of the concept "equality_comparable" from the <concepts> header of a C++20 standard library. This concept is satisfied by any type T such that for lvalues a and b of type T, the expressions a==b and a!=b as well as the reverse b==a and b!=a compile, and their results are convertible to a type that satisfies the concept "boolean-testable":
In the C++ programming language, a reference is a simple reference datatype that is less powerful but safer than the pointer type inherited from C.The name C++ reference may cause confusion, as in computer science a reference is a general concept datatype, with pointers and C++ references being specific reference datatype implementations.
Expression templates are a C++ template metaprogramming technique that builds structures representing a computation at compile time, where expressions are evaluated only as needed to produce efficient code for the entire computation. [1]
Most of Library Fundamentals TS I, including: [29] [30] std::string_view, a read-only non-owning reference to a character sequence or string-slice [31]; std::optional, for representing optional objects, a data type that may not always be returned by a given algorithm with support for non-return
C++20 is a version of the ISO/IEC 14882 standard for the C++ programming language. C++20 replaced the prior version of the C++ standard, called C++17, and was later replaced by C++23. [1]
In the C++ programming language, special member functions [1] are functions which the compiler will automatically generate if they are used, but not declared explicitly by the programmer.
The std::string type is the main string datatype in standard C++ since 1998, but it was not always part of C++. From C, C++ inherited the convention of using null-terminated strings that are handled by a pointer to their first element, and a library of functions that manipulate such strings.