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The index developed by Cloke (1977) categorises all areas of England and Wales into four criteria: extreme rural, intermediate rural, intermediate non-rural and extreme non-rural; as well as urban areas. He used 16 different ways of drawing the conclusions for his model, all of which led to the measure of an area's rurality.
In medicine, rural health or rural medicine is the interdisciplinary study of health and health care delivery in rural environments. The concept of rural health incorporates many fields, including wilderness medicine , geography , midwifery , nursing , sociology , economics , and telehealth or telemedicine .
In historiography, rural history is a field of study focusing on the history of societies in rural areas. At its inception, the field was based on the economic history of agriculture. Since the 1980s it has become increasingly influenced by social history and has diverged from the economic and technological focuses of " agricultural history ".
Eradicating rural poverty through effective policies and economic growth is a continuing difficulty for the international community, as it invests in rural development. [ 8 ] [ 10 ] According to the International Fund for Agricultural Development , 70 percent of the people in extreme poverty are in rural areas, most of whom are smallholders or ...
Over the last two centuries, the United States of America has been transformed from a predominantly rural, agricultural nation into an urbanized, industrial one. [2] This was largely due to the Industrial Revolution in the United States (and parts of Western Europe ) in the late 18th and early 19th centuries and the rapid industrialization ...
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A rural settlement in Pahang, Malaysia. The definition of a rural settlement depends on the country, in some countries, a rural settlement is any settlement in the areas defined as rural by a governmental office, e.g., by the national census bureau. This may include even rural towns. In some others, rural settlements traditionally do not ...
Counterurbanization is the process by which people migrate from urban to rural communities, the opposite of urbanization. People have moved from urban to rural communities for various reasons, including job opportunities and simpler lifestyles. In recent years, due to technology, the urbanization process has been occurring in reverse.