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Barbara, AO., Richard, AG., and Thomas, JK(2007) Kuby Immunology. W..H Freeman and Company, pp 111–142; Kemp, DJ.; Cory, S.; Adams, JM. (1979). "Cloned pairs of variable region genes for immunoglobulin heavy-chains isolated from a clone library of the entire mouse genome". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States ...
The classical and alternative complement pathways. Activation of the C1 complex initiates the classical complement pathway.This occurs when C1q binds to antigen-antibody complexes.
In immunology, antibodies (immunoglobulins (Ig)) are classified into several types called isotypes or classes. The variable (V) regions near the tip of the antibody can differ from molecule to molecule in countless ways, allowing it to specifically target an antigen (or more exactly, an epitope). In contrast, the constant (C) regions only occur ...
An illustration that shows how antigens induce the immune system response by interacting with an antibody that matches the molecular structure of an antigen. In immunology, an antigen (Ag) is a molecule, moiety, foreign particulate matter, or an allergen, such as pollen, that can bind to a specific antibody or T-cell receptor. [1]
In immunology, clonal selection theory explains the functions of cells of the immune system (lymphocytes) in response to specific antigens invading the body. The concept was introduced by Australian doctor Frank Macfarlane Burnet in 1957, in an attempt to explain the great diversity of antibodies formed during initiation of the immune response .
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to immunology: . Immunology – study of all aspects of the immune system in all organisms. [1] It deals with the physiological functioning of the immune system in states of both health and disease; malfunctions of the immune system in immunological disorders (autoimmune diseases, hypersensitivities, immune deficiency ...
Isoantibodies, formerly called alloantibodies, are antibodies produced by an individual against isoantigens produced by members of the same species.In the case of the species Homo sapiens, for example, there are a significant number of antigens that are different in every individual.
In immunology, central tolerance (also known as negative selection) is the process of eliminating any developing T or B lymphocytes that are autoreactive, i.e. reactive to the body itself. [1] Through elimination of autoreactive lymphocytes, tolerance ensures that the immune system does not attack self peptides. [2]