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The more an individual expresses or acts on an attitude the stronger the attitude becomes and the more automated the attitude becomes. Attitude strength should increase the correspondence between implicit and explicit attitudes. Conscious thinking about the attitude should create more of an overlap between both implicit and explicit attitude. [19]
Examples of explicit bias include verbal or physical harassment or racist policies that exclude or unfairly disadvantage marginalized groups. RELATED: What My Students Taught Me About Implicit ...
An implicit bias or implicit stereotype is the pre-reflective attribution of particular qualities by an individual to a member of some social out group. [1]Implicit stereotypes are thought to be shaped by experience and based on learned associations between particular qualities and social categories, including race and/or gender. [2]
In psychology, a dual process theory provides an account of how thought can arise in two different ways, or as a result of two different processes. Often, the two processes consist of an implicit (automatic), unconscious process and an explicit (controlled), conscious process. Verbalized explicit processes or attitudes and actions may change ...
Implicit measures are of attitudes at an unconscious level, that function out of awareness. [14] Both explicit and implicit attitudes can shape an individual's behavior. [15] [16] Implicit attitudes, however, are most likely to affect behavior when the demands are steep and an individual feels stressed or distracted. [17]
The main difference between the two types of long-term memory is how implicit memory lives in the subconscious mind, whereas explicit memory comes from conscious thought, says Papazyan.
Gender bias, a widespread [55] set of implicit biases that discriminate against a gender. For example, the assumption that women are less suited to jobs requiring high intellectual ability. [56] [failed verification] Or the assumption that people or animals are male in the absence of any indicators of gender. [57]
Laurie A. Rudman is a social psychology feminist professor as well as the Director of the Rutgers University Social Cognition Laboratory who has contributed a great deal of research to studies on implicit and explicit attitudes and stereotypes, stereotype maintenance processes, and the media's effects on attitudes, stereotypes, and behavior on the Feminism movement.