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  2. Analgesic nephropathy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analgesic_nephropathy

    The scarring of the small blood vessels, called capillary sclerosis, is the initial lesion of analgesic nephropathy. [7] Found in the renal pelvis, ureter, and capillaries supplying the nephrons, capillary sclerosis is thought to lead to renal papillary necrosis and, in turn, chronic interstitial nephritis.

  3. Nephrotoxicity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nephrotoxicity

    Nephrotoxicity is toxicity in the kidneys. It is a poisonous effect of some substances, both toxic chemicals and medications, on kidney function. [1] There are various forms, [2] and some drugs may affect kidney function in more than one way. Nephrotoxins are substances displaying nephrotoxicity.

  4. Ibuprofen - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibuprofen

    Example of some 200 mg ibuprofen tablets A 150 ml bottle (100 mg/5 ml dosage) of ibuprofen, sold in Greece. Ibuprofen is used primarily to treat fever (including postvaccination fever), mild to moderate pain (including pain relief after surgery), painful menstruation, osteoarthritis, dental pain, headaches, and pain from kidney stones.

  5. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nonsteroidal_anti...

    NSAID identification on label of generic ibuprofen, an over-the-counter non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs [1] [3] (NSAID) [1] are members of a therapeutic drug class which reduces pain, [4] decreases inflammation, decreases fever, [1] and prevents blood clots.

  6. Pain management - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pain_management

    The exact medications recommended will vary by country and the individual treatment center, but the following gives an example of the WHO approach to treating chronic pain with medications. If, at any point, treatment fails to provide adequate pain relief, then the doctor and patient move onto the next step. [citation needed]

  7. Kidney ischemia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kidney_ischemia

    Kidney ischemia [1] is a disease with a high morbidity and mortality rate. [2] Blood vessels shrink and undergo apoptosis which results in poor blood flow in the kidneys. More complications happen when failure of the kidney functions result in toxicity in various parts of the body which may cause septic shock, hypovolemia, and a need for surgery. [3]

  8. Anti-inflammatory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-inflammatory

    Anti-inflammatory or antiphlogistic is the property of a substance or treatment that reduces inflammation or swelling. Anti-inflammatory drugs, also called anti-inflammatories, make up about half of analgesics.

  9. Antipyretic - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antipyretic

    The list of medications with antipyretic effects includes many common drugs that also have analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity, several of which are commonly sold over-the-counter (OTC). NSAIDs (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs), a broad class of medications that in addition to their defining effect of reducing inflammation, also tend ...