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The Pentaglot Dictionary [1] [2] (Chinese: 御製五體清文鑑, Yuzhi Wuti Qing Wenjian; the term 清文, Qingwen, "Qing language", was another name for the Manchu language in Chinese), also known as the Manchu Polyglot Dictionary, [3] [4] was a dictionary of major imperial languages compiled in the late Qianlong era of the Qing dynasty (also said to be compiled in 1794).
Several thousand can speak Manchu as a second language through governmental primary education or free classes for adults in classrooms or online. [2] [3] [4] The Manchu language has high historical value for historians of China, especially for the Qing dynasty. Manchu-language texts supply information that is unavailable in Chinese, and when ...
A Manchu Grammar, with Analyzed Texts. Shanghai: American Presbyterian Mission Press. Norman, Jerry (2013). A Comprehensive Manchu-English Dictionary. Harvard-Yenching Institute Monograph Series, 85. Cambridge (Mass.), London: Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-07213-8. Roth Li, Gertraude (2010). Manchu: A Textbook for Reading Documents ...
《满汉大词典》(A Comprehensive Dictionary of Manchu-Chinese). Liaoning Nationality Publishing House. ISBN 9787805273785. Hu, Zengyi (1994). 新满汉大词典 (A Comprehensive Manchu-Chinese Dictionary). Xinjiang People's Publishing House. ISBN 9787228024049. Norman, Jerry (2013). A Comprehensive Manchu-English Dictionary. Harvard ...
Qing emperors were Manchu, and the Manchu group has largely been sinicized (the Manchu language being moribund, with 20 native speakers reported as of 2007 [11]). The Sibe were possibly a Tungusic-speaking section of the (Mongolic) Shiwei and have been conquered by the expanding Manchu (Jurchen). Their language is mutually intelligible with Manchu.
The Manchu alphabet (Manchu: ᠮᠠᠨᠵᡠ ᡥᡝᡵᡤᡝᠨ, Möllendorff: manju hergen, Abkai: manju hergen) is the alphabet used to write the now critically endangered Manchu language. A similar script called Xibe script is used today by the Xibe people , whose language is considered either a dialect of Manchu or a closely related ...
The Tungusic languages / t ʊ ŋ ˈ ɡ ʊ s ɪ k / (also known as Manchu–Tungus and Tungus) form a language family spoken in Eastern Siberia and Manchuria by Tungusic peoples. Many Tungusic languages are endangered. There are approximately 75,000 native speakers of the dozen living languages of the Tungusic language family.
Jurchen (Manchu: ᠵᡠᡧᡝᠨ, romanized: Jušen, ; Chinese: 女真, romanized: Nǚzhēn, [nỳ.ʈʂə́n]) is a term used to collectively describe a number of East Asian Tungusic-speaking people. [a] They lived in northeastern China, also known as Manchuria, before the 18th century.