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The 2014 teachers' Professional Development guide [195] covers the seven areas of attitude and motivation, fluency, comprehension, word identification, vocabulary, phonological awareness, phonics, and assessment. It recommends that phonics be taught in a systematic and structured way and is preceded by training in phonological awareness.
Phonological awareness is one component of a larger phonological processing system used for speaking and listening. [8] [9] [10] Phonological awareness is different from other phonological abilities in that it is a metalinguistic skill, requiring conscious awareness and reflection on the structure of language.
Phonemic awareness has been argued to be the most important aspect of phonological awareness when learning to read. [16] Due to its importance, many preschool, kindergarten and higher grade levels have phonological awareness programs. Specific and explicit phonological awareness instruction is the most effective way for children to learn.
Once a child understands phonemes, the next step is to develop phonological awareness, which is the ability to recognize that there is a relationship between sounds and letters, and letters and words. [2] Phonological awareness strongly predicts the development of literacy skills. [1] Upon entering kindergarten, children should also be able to ...
Phonological awareness (syllables, phonemes, etc.) Alphabetic principle: Phonics knowledge Decoding skills: Recognition of words at sight: Bridging processes (the overlapping of WR and LC) Print concepts Reading fluency Vocabulary knowledge Morphological awareness (the structure of words and parts of words such as stems, root words, prefixes ...
READ 180 is a reading program with the goal of providing differentiated instruction for a diverse classroom. [7] The program focuses on reading components including, but not limited to, phonemic awareness, phonological awareness, fluency, vocabulary, and reading comprehension. [7]
CTOPP - 2 is a test which is administered to children as young as 5 years old to children at the age of 24 years. This test uses phonological words to assess the phonological ability of children and how well they are doing in comparison to their peers. [10] This test consists of phonological awareness, phonological memory and rapid reading. [10]
Reading is the process of taking in the sense or meaning of symbols, often specifically those of a written language, by means of sight or touch. [1] [2] [3] [4]For educators and researchers, reading is a multifaceted process involving such areas as word recognition, orthography (spelling), alphabetics, phonics, phonemic awareness, vocabulary, comprehension, fluency, and motivation.