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Human capital has a substantial impact on individual earnings. [2] Research indicates that human capital investments have high economic returns throughout childhood and young adulthood. [2] [3] Companies can invest in human capital; for example, through education and training, improving levels of quality and production. [4]
Human resources (HR) is the set of people who make up the workforce of an organization, business sector, industry, or economy. [1] [2] A narrower concept is human capital, the knowledge and skills which the individuals command. [3] Similar terms include manpower, labor, labor-power, or personnel.
The Human Capital Index (HCI) is an annual measurement prepared by the World Bank. [1] HCI measures which countries are best in mobilizing their human capital, the economic and professional potential of their citizens. The index measures how much capital each country loses through lack of education and health.
This approach often treats employees as human capital instead of expense. (Boudreau; Lawler & Levenson, 2004) The following are some of the examples on effectiveness of the HR functions: [2] 1. Revenue factor: It indicates the effectiveness of company operation with the use of the employees as their human capital. 2.
Human asset management is an evolution from the old terms like human resource management and human capital management. Many organization defined people as ‘resources’. In HAM, employees are not regarded or managed as a ‘disposable resource’. [6] The importance of relating with an employer was highlighted by Quelch and Jocz. [7]
Human capital is the stock of knowledge, habits and social and personality attributes. Its market value (discounted value) of future labour income (a measure of human capital) is greater than the total market value of traded assets. Human capital is also the nontraded asset that is most importable across time.
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In contrast, many economists today consider "human capital" (skills and education) as the fourth factor of production, with entrepreneurship as a form of human capital. Yet others refer to intellectual capital. More recently, many have begun to see "social capital" as a factor, as contributing to production of goods and services.