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Biological oceanography. Biological oceanography is the study of how organisms affect and are affected by the physics, chemistry, and geology of the oceanographic system. Biological oceanography may also be referred to as ocean ecology, in which the root word of ecology is Oikos (oικoσ), meaning ‘house’ or ‘habitat’ in Greek.
Oceanography (from Ancient Greek ὠκεανός (ōkeanós) ' ocean ' and γραφή (graphḗ) ' writing '), also known as oceanology, sea science, ocean science, and marine science, is the scientific study of the ocean, including its physics, chemistry, biology, and geology. It is an Earth science, which covers a wide range of topics ...
Argo (oceanography) The distribution of active floats in the Argo array, colour coded by country that owns the float, as of February 2018. Argo is an international programme for researching the ocean. It uses profiling floats to observe temperature, salinity and currents. Recently it has observed bio-optical properties in the Earth's oceans.
Drifter (oceanography) A drifter nicknamed holey sock. Typical sensors acquire air pressure, sea surface temperature, irradiance and salinity. A drifter (not to be confused with a float) is an oceanographic device floating on the surface to investigate ocean currents by tracking location. They can also measure other parameters like sea surface ...
History of marine biology. HMS Challenger during its pioneer expedition of 1872–76. Marine biology is a hybrid subject that combines aspects of organismal function, ecological interaction and the study of marine biodiversity. [1] The earliest studies of marine biology trace back to the Phoenicians and the Greeks who are known as the initial ...
In oceanography, a gyre (/ ˈdʒaɪər /) is any large system of circulating ocean surface currents, particularly those involved with large wind movements. Gyres are caused by the Coriolis effect; planetary vorticity, horizontal friction and vertical friction determine the circulatory patterns from the wind stress curl (torque).
World ocean bathymetry. Physical oceanography is the study of physical conditions and physical processes within the ocean, especially the motions and physical properties of ocean waters. Physical oceanography is one of several sub-domains into which oceanography is divided. Others include biological, chemical and geological oceanography.
Notable examples can be found in the Permian of Tibet, [57] the Cretaceous of Hokkaido, [58] the Palaeogene of Honshu, [59] the Neogene of Northern Italy, [60] and the Pleistocene of California. [61] These fossil cold seeps are characterized by mound-like topography (where preserved), coarsely crystalline carbonates, and abundant mollusks and ...