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A school of large pelagic predator fish (bluefin trevally) sizing up a school of small pelagic prey fish (). Pelagic fish live in the pelagic zone of ocean or lake waters—being neither close to the bottom nor near the shore—in contrast with demersal fish that live on or near the bottom, and reef fish that are associated with coral reefs.
The cobia is a pelagic spawner, releasing many tiny (1.2 mm), buoyant eggs into the water, where they become part of the plankton. The eggs float freely with the currents until hatching. The larvae are also planktonic, being more or less helpless during their first week until the eyes and mouths develop.
Mackerel is a common name applied to a number of different species of pelagic fish, mostly from the family Scombridae.They are found in both temperate and tropical seas, mostly living along the coast or offshore in the oceanic environment.
Altogether, the pelagic zone occupies 1,330 million km 3 (320 million mi 3) with a mean depth of 3.68 km (2.29 mi) and maximum depth of 11 km (6.8 mi). [2] [3] [4] Pelagic life decreases as depth increases. The pelagic zone contrasts with the benthic and demersal zones at the bottom of the sea. The benthic zone is the ecological region at the ...
The garfish is a predator which hunts in the open sea seeking out shoals of small fish such as Atlantic herring, sprats, sand eels, and even three-spined sticklebacks. They also feed on free-swimming crustaceans. [2] They frequently forage near to the shore and will hunt in and around natural or manmade features which interrupt tidal flows. [4]
It is a marine pelagic fish found around the world in temperate and subtropical waters, except for the northern Pacific Ocean. Bluefish are known as tailor in Australia and New Zealand, [5] elf and shad in South Africa. [6] [7] It is a popular gamefish and food fish. The bluefish is a moderately proportioned fish, with a broad, forked tail.
Mesopelagic fish play a key role in energy dynamics, meaning they provide food to a number of predators including birds, larger fish and marine mammals. The concentration of these plastics has the potential to increase, so more economically important species could become contaminated as well. [ 36 ]
Blue whiting: playing a big game with small fish; Northeast Atlantic blue whiting. Chapter 11 in Life-cycle spatial patterns of small pelagic fish in the Northeast Atlantic. ICES Cooperative Research Report 306, 2010; The Marine Flora and Fauna of Norway: Blue whiting (with photographs of living blue whiting!)