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The Quran was canonized only after Muhammad's death in 632 CE. According to Islamic tradition the third caliph, Uthman ibn Affan (r. 23/644–35 AH/655 CE) established the canonical Qur'an, reportedly starting the process in 644 CE, [6] and completing the work around 650 CE (the exact date was not recorded by early Arab annalists). [7]
Religious law includes ethical and moral codes taught by religious traditions.Examples of religiously derived legal codes include Christian canon law (applicable within a wider theological conception in the church, but in modern times distinct from secular state law [1]), Jewish halakha, Islamic sharia, and Hindu law.
Canon law (from Ancient Greek: κανών, kanon, a 'straight measuring rod, ruler') is a set of ordinances and regulations made by ecclesiastical authority (church leadership) for the government of a Christian organization or church and its members.
The Canon of Medicine (Arabic: القانون في الطب, romanized: al-Qānūn fī l-ṭibb; Persian: قانون در طب, romanized: Qānun dar Teb; Latin: Canon Medicinae) is an encyclopedia of medicine in five books compiled by Persian physician-philosopher Avicenna (ابن سینا, ibn Sina) and completed in 1025. [1]
The Tanzimat reforms of the 19th century saw reorganization of both Islamic civil law and sultanic criminal law after the model of the Napoleonic Code. [57] In the 1870s, a codification of civil law and procedure (excepting marriage and divorce), called the Mecelle , was produced for use in both Sharia and secular courts.
In canon law, a canon designates some law promulgated by a synod, an ecumenical council, or an individual bishop. [ 2 ] The word "canon" comes from the Greek kanon , which in its original usage denoted a straight rod that was later the instrument used by architects and artificers as a measuring stick for making straight lines.
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Islamic holy books are certain religious scriptures that are viewed by Muslims as having valid divine significance, in that they were authored by God through a variety of prophets and messengers, including those who predate the Quran.