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Time dilation. Time dilation is the difference in elapsed time as measured by two clocks, either because of a relative velocity between them (special relativity), or a difference in gravitational potential between their locations (general relativity). When unspecified, "time dilation" usually refers to the effect due to velocity.
Experimental testing of time dilation. Relation between the speed and the Lorentz factor γ (and hence the time dilation of moving clocks). Time dilation as predicted by special relativity is often verified by means of particle lifetime experiments. According to special relativity, the rate of a clock C traveling between two synchronized ...
Lorentz factor. {\displaystyle \gamma = {\frac {1} {\sqrt {1-\beta ^ {2}}}}} where and v is the relative velocity between two inertial frames. For two frames at rest, γ = 1, and increases with relative velocity between the two inertial frames. As the relative velocity approaches the speed of light, γ → ∞. Time dilation (different times t ...
Acceleration (special relativity) Accelerations in special relativity (SR) follow, as in Newtonian Mechanics, by differentiation of velocity with respect to time. Because of the Lorentz transformation and time dilation, the concepts of time and distance become more complex, which also leads to more complex definitions of "acceleration".
Einstein's two postulates. As formulated by Albert Einstein in 1905, the theory of special relativity was based on two main postulates: The principle of relativity: The form of a physical law is the same in any inertial frame (a frame of reference that is not accelerating in any direction). The speed of light is constant: In all inertial frames ...
Special relativity. Gravitational time dilation is a form of time dilation, an actual difference of elapsed time between two events, as measured by observers situated at varying distances from a gravitating mass. The lower the gravitational potential (the closer the clock is to the source of gravitation), the slower time passes, speeding up as ...
In the case of special relativity, these include the principle of relativity, the constancy of the speed of light, and time dilation. [12] The predictions of special relativity have been confirmed in numerous tests since Einstein published his paper in 1905, but three experiments conducted between 1881 and 1938 were critical to its validation.
A source of light waves moving to the right, relative to observers, with velocity 0.7 c. The frequency is higher for observers on the right, and lower for observers on the left. The relativistic Doppler effect is the change in frequency, wavelength and amplitude [1] of light, caused by the relative motion of the source and the observer (as in ...