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Universal numbering system. This is a dental practitioner view, so tooth number 1, the rear upper tooth on the patient's right, appears on the left of the chart. The Universal Numbering System, sometimes called the "American System", is a dental notation system commonly used in the United States. [1] [2]
FDI World Dental Federation notation (also "FDI notation" or "ISO 3950 notation") is the world's most commonly used dental notation (tooth numbering system). [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It is designated by the International Organization for Standardization as standard ISO 3950 "Dentistry — Designation system for teeth and areas of the oral cavity".
The three most common systems are the FDI World Dental Federation notation (ISO 3950), the Universal Numbering System, and the Palmer notation. The FDI notation is used worldwide, and the Universal is used widely in the United States. The FDI notation can be easily adapted to computerized charting. Another system is used by paleoanthropologists.
With the move from written dental notes to electronic records, some difficulty in reproducing the symbols has been encountered. [4] On a standard keyboard 'slash' and 'backslash' may be used as a crude approximation to the symbols with numbers placed before or afterwards; hence 3/ is 3 ⏌ and /5 is ⎾ 5.
Dental quadrants The dentition is divided into four quarters. The two dental arches form an oval, which is divided into quadrants which are numbered from 1 to 4: [7] Upper right quadrant: upper right first incisor to upper right wisdom tooth; Upper left quadrant: upper left first incisor to upper left wisdom tooth
[2] [4] In the Palmer notation, a number is used in conjunction with a symbol designating in which quadrant the tooth is found. [2] For this tooth, the left and right lateral incisors would have the same number, "2", but the right one would have the symbol, "┘", underneath it, while the left one would have, "└". [2]
The post on the left is a tapered post, the one on the right is a parallel post. In post and core fabrication, it is desirable that the post descend at least two-thirds of the length of root canal (or not less than the height of the crown) in order to provide sufficient retention.
A dental consonant is a consonant articulated with the tongue against the upper teeth, such as /θ/, /ð/. In some languages, dentals are distinguished from other groups, such as alveolar consonants , in which the tongue contacts the gum ridge.