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The precast concrete slab has tubular voids extending the full length of the slab, typically with a diameter equal to the 2/3–3/4 the thickness of the slab. This makes the slab much lighter than a massive solid concrete floor slab of equal thickness or strength. The reduced weight also lowers material and transportation costs.
The efficiency, durability, ease, cost effectiveness, and sustainable properties [13] of these products have brought a revolutionary shift in the time consumed in construction of any structure. Construction industry is a huge energy consuming industry, and precast concrete products are and will continue to be more energy efficient than its ...
For a suspended slab, there are a number of designs to improve the strength-to-weight ratio. In all cases the top surface remains flat, and the underside is modulated: A corrugated slab is designed when the concrete is poured into a corrugated steel tray, more commonly called decking. This steel tray improves strength of the slab, and prevents ...
Slab-on-grade foundations should not be used in areas with expansive clay soil. While elevated structural slabs actually perform better on expansive clays, it is generally accepted by the engineering community that slab-on-grade foundations offer the greatest cost-to-performance ratio for tract homes.
They designed the wings to expand the structural channel in order to cover more area at a lower cost. [2] In 1951, Harry Edwards and Paul Zia designed a 4-foot (1.2 m) wide prestressed double tee section. Non-prestressed double tees were constructed in Miami in 1952 followed by prestressed double tees in 1953. Separately, engineers of ...
Diagram shows slab and rib width with rules of thumb formula. Slab depth is typically 75 mm (3 in) to 130 mm (5 in) thick. [5] [3] As a rule of thumb, the depth should be 1 ⁄ 24 of the span. [5] The width of the ribs is typically 130 mm (5 in) to 150 mm (6 in), and ribs usually have steel rod reinforcements. [5]
During centuriation (Ancient Roman land surveying), centuria was a basic unit of area, representing a square of 20 actus (710 meters, 2400 Roman feet [1]) on a side (an area of about 50 hectares). The name derives from the fact that in new colonies each centuria can be subdivided into 100 lots of heredium size (equal to two jugera each, or ...
"The work or shock-resisting ability is greatest in wide-ringed wood that has from 5 to 14 rings per inch (rings 1.8-5 mm thick), is fairly constant from 14 to 38 rings per inch (rings 0.7–1.8 mm thick), and decreases rapidly from 38 to 47 rings per inch (rings 0.5–0.7 mm thick).
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