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In basic operation, Numbers can be used just like Excel; data can be typed anywhere, and formulas can be created by referring to the data by its cell. However, if the user types a header into the table, something one normally does as a matter of course, Numbers uses this to automatically construct a named range for the cells on that row or column.
Use of named column variables x & y in Microsoft Excel. Formula for y=x 2 resembles Fortran, and Name Manager shows the definitions of x & y. In most implementations, a cell, or group of cells in a column or row, can be "named" enabling the user to refer to those cells by a name rather than by a grid reference.
The Mersenne Twister is a general-purpose pseudorandom number generator (PRNG) developed in 1997 by Makoto Matsumoto (松本 眞) and Takuji Nishimura (西村 拓士). [1] [2] Its name derives from the choice of a Mersenne prime as its period length. The Mersenne Twister was designed specifically to rectify most of the flaws found in older PRNGs.
Excel offers many user interface tweaks over the earliest electronic spreadsheets; however, the essence remains the same as in the original spreadsheet software, VisiCalc: the program displays cells organized in rows and columns, and each cell may contain data or a formula, with relative or absolute references to other cells. Excel 2.0 for ...
SP800-90 series on Random Number Generation, NIST; Random Number Generation in the GNU Scientific Library Reference Manual; Random Number Generation Routines in the NAG Numerical Library; Chris Lomont's overview of PRNGs, including a good implementation of the WELL512 algorithm; Source code to read data from a TrueRNG V2 hardware TRNG
Sudoku can be solved using stochastic (random-based) algorithms. [11] [12] An example of this method is to: Randomly assign numbers to the blank cells in the grid. Calculate the number of errors. "Shuffle" the inserted numbers until the number of mistakes is reduced to zero. A solution to the puzzle is then found.
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Their description of the algorithm used pencil and paper; a table of random numbers provided the randomness. The basic method given for generating a random permutation of the numbers 1 through N goes as follows: Write down the numbers from 1 through N. Pick a random number k between one and the number of unstruck numbers remaining (inclusive).