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Outside of North Africa, most of African political history relating to this time period has been pieced together through archaeological discoveries.There is very little written information about Sub–Saharan Africa at this time, besides that from outsiders such as "Periplus of the Erythraean Sea", dated to the 1st century AD, and the accounts of Claudius Ptolemy, dated to the 2nd century AD ...
A map of Africa showing the continent's political systems: three monarchies (in red) and republics (in blue).. Monarchy was the prevalent form of government in the history of Africa, where self-governing states, territories, or nations existed in which supreme power resided with an individual who was recognized as the head of state. [1]
Sahelian empires. The Sahel forms a belt up to 1,000 km wide, spanning Africa from the Atlantic Ocean to the Red Sea. The Sahelian empires were a series of centralized kingdoms or empires that were centered on the Sahel, the area of grasslands south of the Sahara, from the 8th century to the 19th. The wealth of the states came from controlling ...
During the 200 year period between 1301 and 1500 (the 14th and 15th century) the main civilizations and kingdoms in Africa were the Mali Empire, Kingdom of Kongo, Ife Empire, Benin Kingdom, Hausa City-states, Great Zimbabwe, Ethiopian Empire, Kilwa Sultanate, Khormans and the Ajuran Sultanate. These kingdoms flourished in the first part of this ...
Map of the western Sahel and Sudan (northern West Africa) c. 1200. (Songhai is Gao) Kingdoms in this era were centred around cities and cores, with variations of influence radiating out from these points, meaning there weren't fixed borders. The arrival of Islam in West Africa had seismic consequences for the history of the entire region.
The terms African civilizations, also classical African civilizations, or African empires are terms that generally refer to the various pre-colonial African kingdoms.The civilizations usually include Egypt, Carthage, Axum, [1] Numidia, and Nubia, [1] but may also be extended to the prehistoric Land of Punt and others: Kingdom of Dagbon, the Empire of Ashanti, Kingdom of Kongo, Empire of Mali ...
Pre-colonial states in Africa (excluding East African states such as Ajuran, Mutapa, Mapungubwe, Maravi, Imerina and Kilwa for some reason) This is a list of kingdoms in Africa throughout history . The vast majority of kingdoms included in this list existed prior to the Scramble for Africa ( c. 1880–1914 ) when almost all of the continent ...
Maghreb. The Great Mosque of Kairouan (also known as the Mosque of Uqba), first built in 670 by the Umayyad general Uqba Ibn Nafi, is the oldest and most prestigious mosque in the Maghreb and North Africa, [49] located in the city of Kairouan, Tunisia. By 711 AD, the Umayyad Caliphate had conquered all of North Africa.