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They resemble ulcers in form, and when examined under a microscope have large epithelioid decidual-like cells and large nucleoli. [3] They produce high concentrations of equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG), also called pregnant mare's serum gonadotropin, in the bloodstream of pregnant mares. eCG is actually an equine luteinizing hormone. [2]
Equine chorionic gonadotropin (acronym given as eCG but not to be confused with ECG) is a gonadotropic hormone produced in the chorion of pregnant mares.Previously referred to as pregnant mare's serum gonadotropin (PMSG), the hormone is commonly used in concert with progestogen to induce ovulation in livestock prior to artificial insemination.
The major brand name of the natural form of CEEs manufactured from the urine of pregnant mares is Premarin. [6] Major brand names of fully synthetic versions of CEEs include Cenestin and Enjuvia in the United States and C.E.S. and Congest in Canada. [6] [8] [9] CEEs are also formulated in combination with progestins. [6]
The Coggins test submission form, which requires identification of the horse's physical appearance. The Coggins test (agar immunodiffusion) is a sensitive diagnostic test for equine infectious anemia developed by Dr. Leroy Coggins in the 1970s. Currently, the US does not have an eradication program due to the low rate of incidence.
Mare exams: to determine if she is healthy enough to breed, to determine when she ovulates, and (if AI is used) to inseminate her; Mare transport, care, and board if the mare is bred live cover at the stallion's residence; Veterinary bills to keep the pregnant mare healthy while in foal
When a mare is pregnant, she is said to be "in foal". When the mare gives birth, she is "foaling", and the impending birth is usually stated as "to foal". A newborn horse is "foaled". After a horse is one year old, it is no longer a foal, and is a "yearling". There are no special age-related terms for young horses older than yearlings.
Insulin from cattle and pigs has been used since the 1920s, and was the predominant form of insulin used for decades. The first synthetic human insulin was created using bacteria in 1978. [ 10 ] In the United States, the manufacture of beef insulin was discontinued in 1998, and the manufacture of pork insulin was discontinued in 2006.
Hippulin, also known as Δ 8-14-isoestrone, as well as 14-isoestra-1,3,5(10),8-tetraen-3-ol-17-one, is a naturally occurring estrogen found in horses and an isomer of equilin.