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The density of the breathing gas is higher at depth, so the effort required to fully inhale and exhale increases, making breathing more difficult and less efficient (high work of breathing). [13] [3] [18] Higher gas density also causes gas mixing within the lung to be less efficient, thus increasing the effective dead space. [4] [5]
Flatus (intestinal gas) is mostly produced as a byproduct of bacterial fermentation in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, especially the colon. [20] There are reports of aerophagia (excessive air swallowing) causing excessive intestinal gas, but this is considered rare. [21] Over 99% of the volume of flatus is composed of odorless gases. [2]
In rare cases, bloating may occur in individuals who have milk intolerance (lactose intolerance), parasite infections such as giardia, food poisoning , celiac disease, severe peptic ulcer disease, bowel obstruction, or after certain types of abdominal surgery. [5] Heart failure and cirrhosis are also a common cause of distension. In both of ...
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These medications have no effect on the gas that is present in the intestines but enable gas build-up to be belched away more easily, reducing the amount of bloating that develops. Another treatment is simethicone , an oral anti-foaming agent that helps the body to expel the gas more quickly.
Hyperoxia is the state of being exposed to high levels of oxygen; it may refer to organisms, cells and tissues that are experiencing excessive oxygenation, [1] or to an abnormally high oxygen concentration in an environment (e.g. a body of water).
Although the underlying conditions require treatment, subcutaneous emphysema usually does not; small amounts of air are reabsorbed by the body. However, subcutaneous emphysema can be uncomfortable and may interfere with breathing, and is often treated by removing air from the tissues, for example by using large bore needles, skin incisions or ...
[150] [152] Probiotics have positive effects such as enhancing the intestinal mucosal barrier, providing a physical barrier, bacteriocin production (resulting in reduced numbers of pathogenic and gas-producing bacteria), reducing intestinal permeability and bacterial translocation, and regulating the immune system both locally and systemically ...