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Refrigerant concentration limit / immediately dangerous to life or health in parts per million (volume per volume) and grams per cubic meter Molecular mass in atomic mass units Normal boiling points for pure substances, bubble and dew points for zeotropic blends, or normal boiling point and azeotropic temperature for the azeotropic blends, at ...
Dichlorodifluoromethane (R-12 or CFC-12), the most commonly used Freon brand refrigerant prior to its ban in many countries in 1996 and total ban in 2010. 1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane (R-134a or HFC-134a), one of the main replacements for the formerly widespread R-12. Opteon halogenated olefins now replacing Freons in many applications.
The impetus for the development thereof was the restriction in use of the refrigerant Fluoroform (R-23) by EU regulation 517/2014 [2] on fluorinated greenhouse gases. At that time, R-23 was the refrigerant used most often to achieve temperatures as low as –70 °C.
R-410A was invented and patented by Allied Signal (later Honeywell) in 1991. [5] Other producers around the world have been licensed to manufacture and sell R-410A. [6] R-410A was successfully commercialized in the air conditioning segment by a combined effort of Carrier Corporation, Emerson Climate Technologies, Inc., Copeland Scroll Compressors (a division of Emerson Electric Company), and ...
Cooling Agent Organic Solvent or Inorganic Salt T (°C) Notes Dry ice: p-Xylene +13 [1]Dry ice: p-Dioxane +12 Dry ice: Cyclohexane +6 Dry ice: Benzene +5 Dry ice
It is a chlorofluorocarbon halomethane (CFC) used as a refrigerant and aerosol spray propellant. In compliance with the Montreal Protocol , its manufacture was banned in developed countries (non-article 5 countries) in 1996, and in developing countries (Article 5 countries) in 2010 out of concerns about its damaging effect on the ozone layer ...
A frigorific mixture may be used to obtain a liquid medium that has a reproducible temperature below ambient temperature. Such mixtures were used to calibrate thermometers. In chemistry a cooling bath may be used to control the temperature of a strongly exothermic reaction. A frigorific mixture may be used as an alternative to mechanical ...
Difluoromethane is a molecule used as refrigerant that has prominent heat transfer and pressure drop performance, both in condensation and vaporization. [6] It has a 100-year global warming potential (GWP) of 675 times that of carbon dioxide, and an atmospheric lifetime of nearly 5 years. [ 7 ]