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Pericoronitis is inflammation of the soft tissues surrounding the crown of a partially erupted tooth, [1] including the gingiva (gums) and the dental follicle. [2] The soft tissue covering a partially erupted tooth is known as an operculum, an area which can be difficult to access with normal oral hygiene methods.
Chronic pericoronitis may not cause any pain, but an acute pericoronitis episode is often associated with pericoronal abscess formation. Typical signs and symptoms of a pericoronal abscess include severe, throbbing pain, which may radiate to adjacent areas in the head and neck, [ 21 ] [ 26 ] : 122 redness, swelling and tenderness of the gum ...
Dental abscess; Other names: Dentoalveolar abscess, periapical abscess, tooth abscess, root abscess: A decayed, broken down tooth, which has undergone pulpal necrosis.A periapical abscess (i.e. around the apex of the tooth root) has then formed and pus is draining into the mouth via an intraoral sinus ().
Rather than a single disease entity, periodontal disease is a combination of multiple disease processes that share a common clinical manifestation. The cause includes both local and systemic factors. The disease consists of a chronic inflammation associated with loss of alveolar bone. Advanced disease features include pus and exudates.
Although mouth infections can present in many different ways, they are managed according to the same guiding principles - protect the airway, drain the abscess, and treat with antibiotics if necessary. Securing a patient's airway is the most important part of initial treatment because loss of airway is emergently life-threatening.
Another potential cause occurs when a periodontal pocket is scaled incompletely. [15] Following this procedure, the gingival cuff tightens around the tooth, which may be enough to trap the bacteria left in the pocket. A gingival retraction cord which is accidentally left in situ is an occasional cause of a periodontal abscess.
Other causes include a parapharyngeal abscess, mandibular fracture, cut or piercing inside the mouth, or submandibular salivary stones. [5] The infection spreads through the connective tissue of the floor of the mouth and is normally caused by infectious and invasive organisms such as Streptococcus , Staphylococcus , and Bacteroides .
Together they form the major virulent pathogens that cause chronic periodontitis. [3] Having elevated T. denticola levels in the mouth is considered one of the main etiological agents of periodontitis. [4] [5] T. denticola is related to the syphilis-causing obligate human pathogen, Treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum.