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Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is a viral respiratory disease of zoonotic origin caused by the virus SARS-CoV-1, the first identified strain of the SARS-related coronavirus. [3] The first known cases occurred in November 2002, and the syndrome caused the 2002–2004 SARS outbreak .
The major part of the outbreak lasted about 8 months, and the World Health Organization declared SARS contained on 5 July 2003. However, several SARS cases were reported until May 2004. [4] In late December 2019, SARS-CoV-2, a coronavirus in the same genus as the one that caused SARS, was discovered in Wuhan, Hubei, China.
Another common finding in SARS patients is a decrease in the number of lymphocytes circulating in the blood. [14] In the SARS outbreak of 2003, about 9% of patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-1 infection died. [15] The mortality rate was much higher for those over 60 years old, with mortality rates approaching 50% for this subset of patients. [15]
Another estimate suggests SARS-CoV-2 shares a common ancestor with bat coronavirus RmYN02 in about 1976. [172] SARS-CoV also possibly originated in around 1962 from the same horseshoe bats that harbours SARS-like coronaviruses. [116] It was transmitted humans in around 1998 (4.08 years prior to the outbreak in 2003). [173]
SARS-CoV-2 shares amino acid identity with a furin cleavage site of human ENaC α subunit. [30] [31] [b] Human ENaC is identical only to that of a few great apes and Pipistrellus kuhli. [32] SARS-CoV-2 is also distinct among human coronaviruses for having a single intact ORF8 gene rather than "a" and "b" subunits. [1]
According to the article, "These findings suggest that SARS-CoV-2 may have been introduced into the United States prior to January 19, 2020." [3] On December 31, 2019, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) became aware of cases in China and began developing reports for the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) on ...
The following is a list of diseases by year of discovery. Year Disease Discoverer 2600 BC: Malaria [1] 1900 BC: Rabies: 1600 BC: ... SARS-CoV-2: See also. Lists of ...
SARS-CoV-2 is the seventh known coronavirus to infect people, after 229E, NL63, OC43, HKU1, MERS-CoV, and the original SARS-CoV. [105] Like the SARS-related coronavirus implicated in the 2003 SARS outbreak, SARS‑CoV‑2 is a member of the subgenus Sarbecovirus (beta-CoV lineage B). [106] [107] Coronaviruses undergo frequent recombination. [108]