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Bone metastasis, or osseous metastatic disease, is a category of cancer metastases that result from primary tumor invasions into bones. Bone-originating primary tumors such as osteosarcoma , chondrosarcoma , and Ewing sarcoma are rare; the most common bone tumor is a metastasis. [ 1 ]
Zoledronic acid is used to prevent bone fractures in patients with cancers such as multiple myeloma and prostate cancer, as well as for treating osteoporosis. [10] It can also be used to treat hypercalcaemia of malignancy and can be helpful for treating pain from bone metastases.
Denosumab, sold under the brand name Prolia among others, is a human monoclonal antibody used for the treatment of osteoporosis, treatment-induced bone loss, metastases to bone, and giant cell tumor of bone. [21] [22] The most common side effects are joint and muscle pain in the arms or legs. [23]
Osteolytic lesion at the bottom of the radius, diagnosed by a darker section that indicates a loss of bone density. An osteolytic lesion (from the Greek words for "bone" (ὀστέον), and "to unbind" (λύειν)) is a softened section of a patient's bone formed as a symptom of specific diseases, including breast cancer and multiple myeloma.
1. What is osteoporosis? Osteoporosis is a disease of the bones. People with osteoporosis have bones that are weak and break easily. Osteoporosis is called a “silent” disease.
Randomly selected patients were given either 60 mg of denosumab or calcium and vitamin D supplements. This was done to measure the effectiveness of preventing treatment-induced bone loss. [21] The patients who received 60 mg of denosumab showed a +5.6% increased in bone mineral density and a 1.5% decrease in bone fracture rates. [21]
It inhibits osteoclast differentiation and activation, reduces bone resorption, improves bone density and lessens skeletal-related events associated with metastasis. [ 31 ] Mechanism of action: The drug binds to receptor activator nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL), preventing the interaction with RANK .
Bisphosphonates are recommended as a first line treatments for post-menopausal osteoporosis. [5] [10] [11] [12]Long-term treatment with bisphosphonates produces anti-fracture and bone mineral density effects that persist for 3–5 years after an initial 3–5 years of treatment. [2]
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