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As depicted by Gan Bozong, woodcut print, Tang dynasty (618–907) The Yellow Emperor, also known as the Yellow Thearch or by his Chinese name Huangdi (/ ˈ hw ɑː ŋ ˈ d iː /), is a mythical Chinese sovereign and culture hero included among the legendary Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors, ().
He fought a war with Huangdi which was decided in the Battle of Banquan. The fire with which Yandi is associated seems to have been put to agricultural purposes along the lines of slash-and-burn farming techniques. [11] In mythology, Yandi uses fire as an elemental weapon, in opposition to the use by Huangdi of water as an elemental weapon. [12]
Chiyou's tribes were fierce in war and skilled at making weapons; allying themselves with the Kua Fu tribe and the Sanmiao (Chinese: 三苗, "the three Miaos") tribe, they first attacked the Yan Emperor's tribe, driving them into the lands of the Yellow Emperor. The Yellow Emperor was angered by this, and went to war with Chiyou.
In the 3rd century BC, both iron weapons and armour became more common. According to the Xunzi, "the hard iron spears of Wan (宛) [a city in Chu, near modern Nanyang (南陽), Henan] are as cruel as wasps and scorpions." [52] Iron weapons also gave Chinese armies an edge over barbarians.
Another possibility is that all three are correct, as both Confucius and Sima Qian appear to agree what took place was a series of three battles between Huangdi and Yandi (followed by the Battle of Zhuolu between Chiyou and an alliance of Huangdi, some princes and some lords on a nearby plain). [12]
Weapons, boats, the cultivation of silkworms and silk-making, weaving, the calendrical system, Chinese characters, musical modes, mathematics and medicine are all supposed to date from his reign. Huangdi neijing (Inner Canon of the Yellow Emperor) is the earliest extant treatise on medical theory.
Huangdi (Wade–Giles: Huang-ti) may refer to: Yellow Emperor (黃帝), a legendary Chinese monarch who supposedly ruled before the Xia dynasty Emperor of China (皇帝), the imperial title of Chinese monarchs; and the superlative monarchical title in the Sinosphere
According to the Five Elements, or Wu Xing model, red, fire, should be succeeded by yellow, earth—or Yandi by Huangdi. [ 8 ] According to the records of ancient history books by the Vietnamese such as Đại Việt sử ký toàn thư , the earliest monarch of Vietnam, Hồng Bàng , was allegedly a descendant of Emperor Yan.