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Venera 8 (Russian: Венера-8 meaning Venus 8) was a probe in the Soviet Venera program for the exploration of Venus and was the second robotic space probe to conduct a successful landing on the surface of Venus. [2] Venera 8 was a Venus atmospheric probe and lander.
Venera 4 was the first successful probe, and showed that CO 2 is the main component in Venus' atmosphere. [15] [5] Venera 7 found the temperature and pressure data as well as the atmospheric composition. [5] [16] Venera 8 measured the K, U, and Th on the surface through gamma-ray analysis. [5]
Venera 14 (4V-1M No.761) 4 November 1981: Lavochkin Soviet Union: Flyby/Lander Successful Lander landed on 5 March 1982. Proton-K/D-1: Venera 15 (4V-2 No.860) 2 June 1983: Lavochkin Soviet Union: Orbiter Successful Entered orbit 10 October 1983, operated until July 1984 Proton-K/D-1: Venera 16 (4V-2 No.861) 7 June 1983: Lavochkin Soviet Union ...
Russian space science plans include the launch of the Venera-D (Venus-D) probe in 2029. [111] The main scientific goals of the Venera-D mission are investigation of the structure and chemical composition of the atmosphere and investigation of the upper atmosphere, ionosphere, electrical activity, magnetosphere, and escape rate. [112]
[36] [37] Venera 7 remained in contact with Earth for 23 minutes, relaying surface temperatures of 455 to 475 °C (851 to 887 °F), and an atmospheric pressure of 92 bar. [38] Venera 8 landed on July 22, 1972. In addition to pressure and temperature profiles, a photometer showed that the clouds of Venus formed a layer ending over 35 kilometres ...
Venera 8; Venera 9; Venera 10; Venera 11; Venera 12; Venera 13; Venera 14; Venera 15; Venera 16 This page was last edited on 2 January 2017, at 17:07 (UTC). Text is ...
Venera 13 and 14 were identical spacecraft built to take advantage of the 1981 Venus launch opportunity. The probes were launched five days apart, with Venera 13 launching on 30 October 1981 at 06:04 UTC and Venera 14 launching on 4 November 1981 at 05:31 UTC. Both had an on-orbit dry mass of 760 kg.
Venera 9 was the first probe to send back television pictures (black and white) from the Venusian surface, showing no shadows, no apparent dust in the air, and a variety of 30 to 40 cm (12 to 16 in) rocks which were not eroded. Planned 360-degree panoramic pictures could not be taken because one of two camera lens covers failed to come off ...
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