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Transport for London (TfL) is a local government body responsible for most of the transport network in London, United Kingdom. [2]TfL is the successor organization of the London Passenger Transport Board, which was established in 1933, and several other bodies in the intervening years.
TfL was one of the first public transport providers in the world to accept payment by contactless bank cards, after, in Europe, the tramways and bus of Nice on 21 May 2010 either with NFC bank card or smartphone, [8] and the widespread adoption of contactless in London has been credited to this. [9]
TfL operates three different railway systems across London. The largest is the London Underground, a rapid transit system operating on sub-surface lines and in deep-level "tube" lines. TfL also operates the Docklands Light Railway (DLR), an automated light rail system in the east of the city, and the Tramlink system. [8]
TfL Rail was the concession which operated commuter services on two separate railway lines in London, England and its environs whilst the Crossrail construction ...
Map of Zone 1 Underground stations, pre 2021. London is split into six approximately concentric zones. Zone 1 covers the West End, the Holborn district, Kensington, Paddington and the City of London, as well as Old Street, Angel, Pimlico, Tower Gateway, Aldgate East, Euston, Vauxhall, Elephant & Castle, Borough, London Bridge, Earl's Court, Marylebone, Edgware Road, Lambeth North and Waterloo.
London Underground and Docklands Light Railway use Transport for London's Travelcard zones to calculate fares, including fares on the Underground only. Travelcard Zone 1 is the most central, encompassing an area mainly bounded by the London Terminals and the Circle line, while Travelcard Zone 6 is the most outlying zone within the Greater London boundaries.
Still, Trump blames the VAT for the U.S. trade deficit with the European Union, which hit $236 billion in 2024, according to the Census Bureau, second only to China. “A VAT tax is a tariff ...
Services are controlled directly by TfL, with running of the trains themselves contracted to a private company as an operating concession. This is different from an ordinary franchise, as the train operator is not given control of the strategic aspects of the operation, such as pricing, timetabling and rolling stock procurement.