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At the time, Pierre-Paul de La Grandière, colonial governor of Cochinchina, was carrying out plans to expand French rule over the whole of Vietnam and viewed Cambodia as a buffer between French possessions in Vietnam and Siam. [1] [2] On 11 August 1863, Norodom signed a treaty acknowledging a French protectorate over his kingdom.
Cambodia officially became a protectorate of the French empire on 11 August 1863. In October 1949, the Maoist dictator Pol Pot (Saloth Sâr) went to Paris to join the French Communist Party and returns home to his native Cambodia in the summer of 1953. [1] Cambodia gained its independence in November 1953, thanks to Prince Norodom Sihanouk. [2]
Transformation of political institutions in the colonies aimed at the full consolidation of the monopoly markets by their European planners. [9] However, industrialisation took place against increasing competition among the European powers. This was encouraged by changes in the continental balance of power. The Napoleonic Wars unseated French ...
As their numbers increased, Vietnamese immigrants also began to play important roles in the economy as fishermen and as operators of small businesses. Chinese people had been in Cambodia for several centuries before the imposition of French rule, and they had dominated precolonial commerce. This arrangement continued under the French, because ...
The French established their most lucrative and substantial colony in Indochina in 1862, eventually occupying the present-day areas of Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia by 1887. Japan's first colony was the island of Taiwan , occupied in 1874 and officially ceded by the Qing emperor in 1894.
On paper, Cochinchina was the only portion with direct rule imposed. The province was legally annexed to the French under the Treaty of Saigon. The rest of the provinces, Tonkin, Annam, Cambodia and Laos, remained as French protectorates. However, the differences between direct and indirect rule "was a legal rather than a practical one".
French colonialist Doudart de Lagrée asked Col de Monteiro to transcribe into Latin the version of the royal chronicles of Cambodia attributed to the scholar Nong. When published in 1866, it was the first translation of the Cambodian Royal Chronicles in a foreign language, and the first history of Cambodia published in a foreign language. [ 18 ]
The Japanese occupation of Cambodia ended with the official surrender of Japan in August 1945. After Allied military units entered Cambodia, the Japanese military forces present in the country were disarmed and repatriated. The French were able to reimpose the colonial administration in Phnom Penh in October the same year.