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  2. Receptor (biochemistry) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Receptor_(biochemistry)

    Receptors of a particular type are linked to specific cellular biochemical pathways that correspond to the signal. While numerous receptors are found in most cells, each receptor will only bind with ligands of a particular structure. This has been analogously compared to how locks will only accept specifically shaped keys. When a ligand binds ...

  3. Cell signaling - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_signaling

    Enzyme-linked receptors (or catalytic receptors) are transmembrane receptors that, upon activation by an extracellular ligand, causes enzymatic activity on the intracellular side. [33] Hence a catalytic receptor is an integral membrane protein possessing both enzymatic, catalytic, and receptor functions. [34]

  4. Biochemistry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biochemistry

    Much of biochemistry deals with the structures, functions, and interactions of biological macromolecules such as proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and lipids. They provide the structure of cells and perform many of the functions associated with life. [6] The chemistry of the cell also depends upon the reactions of small molecules and ions.

  5. Immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunoreceptor_tyrosine...

    ITAMs are important for signal transduction, mainly in immune cells. They are found in the cytoplasmic tails of non-catalytic tyrosine-phosphorylated receptors [7] such as the CD3 and ζ-chains of the T cell receptor complex, the CD79-alpha and -beta chains of the B cell receptor complex, and certain Fc receptors.

  6. JAK-STAT signaling pathway - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JAK-STAT_signaling_pathway

    The JAK-STAT system consists of three main components: (1) a receptor (green), which penetrates the cell membrane; (2) Janus kinase (JAK) (yellow), which is bound to the receptor, and; (3) Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (STAT) (blue), which carries the signal into the nucleus and DNA.

  7. Hill equation (biochemistry) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hill_equation_(biochemistry)

    In biochemistry and pharmacology, the Hill equation refers to two closely related equations that reflect the binding of ligands to macromolecules, as a function of the ligand concentration. A ligand is "a substance that forms a complex with a biomolecule to serve a biological purpose", and a macromolecule is a very large molecule, such as a ...

  8. Cell surface receptor - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_surface_receptor

    Membrane receptors are mainly divided by structure and function into 3 classes: The ion channel linked receptor; The enzyme-linked receptor; and The G protein-coupled receptor. Ion channel linked receptors have ion channels for anions and cations, and constitute a large family of multipass transmembrane proteins.

  9. Binding constant - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binding_constant

    It is associated with the binding and unbinding reaction of receptor (R) and ligand (L) molecules, which is formalized as: R + L ⇌ RL. The reaction is characterized by the on-rate constant k on and the off-rate constant k off, which have units of M −1 s −1 and s −1, respectively. In equilibrium, the forward binding transition R + L → ...

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    related to: biochemistry of receptors and functions notes 8th ed