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The Zande, Mundu, Avukaya and Baka, who entered South Sudan in the 16th century, established the region's largest state of Equatoria Region. [citation needed] The Dinka is the largest, the Nuer the second-largest, the Zande the third-largest, and the Bari the fourth-largest of South Sudan's ethnic groups.
At midnight on 9 July 2011, southern Sudan became an independent country under the name "Republic of South Sudan". [23] On 14 July 2011, South Sudan became the 193rd member state of the United Nations [24] [25] and on 28 July 2011, South Sudan joined the African Union as its 54th member state. [26]
The Republic of South Sudan established relations with sovereign states and international organizations following independence on 9 July 2011. South Sudan's former ruling country of Sudan was the first state in the world to recognize South Sudan.
South Sudan became an independent state on 9 July 2011, following a referendum that passed with 98.83% of the vote. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] It is a United Nations member state , [ 4 ] [ 5 ] a member state of the African Union , [ 6 ] and a member state of the Intergovernmental Authority on Development . [ 7 ]
The South Sudan People's Defence Forces (SSPDF), formerly the Sudan People's Liberation Army (SPLA), is the military force of the Republic of South Sudan.The SPLA was founded as a guerrilla movement against the government of Sudan in 1983 and was a key participant of the Second Sudanese Civil War and the subsequent independence of South Sudan.
In 1971 Joseph Lagu, from the Madi ethnic group, became the leader of the southern forces opposed to Khartoum government and founded the South Sudan Liberation Movement (SSLM). Anya Nya leaders united and rallied behind Lagu. Lagu was also supported by exiled southern politicians.
On 5 September 2011, the government announced the capital of South Sudan would move some 250 km away from Juba to Ramciel, which is located in the middle of South Sudan, about 60 km East of Yirol West County, Lakes State. As of June 2020, the move has yet to occur. In September 2015, nearly 200 people were killed in a tanker explosion in Juba.
The South Sudanese wars of independence was the armed struggle for autonomy or independence of South Sudan from Sudan. Rebels in southern Sudan fought for greater self-determination against the central government of Sudan, which tried to suppress the uprising using the army and allied militias.
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