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According to serial founder model, the earliest-branching non-African lineages are expected to have expanded in the Middle East, after the Out-of-Africa event (a), but have their deepest divergence in modern-day East or Southeast Asia (b), suggesting either rapid diversification and substructure within the early Eurasians, or replacement and ...
The ancestors of the modern Khoi-San expanded to Southern Africa before 150,000 years ago, possibly as early as before 260,000 years ago, [note 5] so that by the beginning of the MIS 5 "megadrought", 130,000 years ago, there were two ancestral population clusters in Africa, bearers of mt-DNA haplogroup L0 in southern Africa, ancestral to the ...
Haplogroup L3 is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup.The clade has played a pivotal role in the early dispersal of anatomically modern humans.. It is strongly associated with the out-of-Africa migration of modern humans of about 70–50,000 years ago.
The mutations that are used to identify the basal lineages of haplogroup L, are ancient and may be 150,000 years old. The deep time depth of these lineages entails that substructure of this haplogroup within Africa is complex and, at present, poorly understood. [5]
The genetic history of Southern Africa encompasses the genetic history of the people of Southern Africa. The Sahara served as a trans-regional passageway and place of dwelling for people in Africa during various humid phases [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] and periods throughout the history of Africa .
Ancient DNA analysis conducted on three individuals revealed maternal (mtDNA) and paternal (Y-chromosome) lineages showing possible North African origin for some of the individuals. The mobility of females in this population was said to be higher than males, possibly because of the patriarchal structures practiced by Berber and Arab communities.
Rapid decay of fossils in Sub-Saharan African environments makes it currently unfeasible to compare modern human admixture with reference samples of archaic Sub-Saharan African hominins. [5] [82] Ancient DNA Data from a ~4,500 BP Ethiopian highland individual, [83] and from Southern (~2,300–1,300 BP), and Eastern and South-Central Africa ...
All mtDNA haplogroups found outside of Africa are descendants of either haplogroup N or its sibling haplogroup M. M and N are the signature maternal haplogroups that define the theory of the recent African origin of modern humans and subsequent early human migrations around the world. The global distribution of haplogroups N and M indicates ...