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Nicotine dependence[notes 2] is a state of substance dependence on nicotine. [3] It is a chronic, relapsing disease characterized by a compulsive craving to use the drug despite social consequences, loss of control over drug intake, and the emergence of withdrawal symptoms. [7] Tolerance is another component of drug dependence. [8]
This study rated alcohol the most harmful drug overall, and the only drug more harmful to others than to the users themselves. [ 4 ] Alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS) is a set of symptoms that can occur following a reduction in alcohol use after a period of excessive use. [ 1 ] Symptoms typically include anxiety, shakiness, sweating, vomiting ...
Nicotine is a hygroscopic, colorless to yellow-brown, oily liquid, that is readily soluble in alcohol, ether or light petroleum. It is miscible with water in its neutral amine base form between 60 °C and 210 °C. It is a dibasic nitrogenous base, having K b1 =1×10 −6, K b2 =1×10 −11. [ 163 ]
Evidence revealed that common medicines varenicline, cytisine, and nicotine e-cigarettes were the most effective treatments. Varenicline is a prescription oral tablet designed to help with smoking ...
Nicotine withdrawal is a group of symptoms that occur in the first few weeks after stopping or decreasing use of nicotine. Symptoms include intense cravings for nicotine, anger or irritability, anxiety, depression, impatience, trouble sleeping, restlessness, hunger, weight gain, and difficulty concentrating. [ 1 ][ 2 ][ 3 ] Withdrawal symptoms ...
Nicotine may be safer than nicotine plus the other chemicals found in cigarettes and vapes, but on its own, nicotine has been associated with detrimental health effects as well, says Bhatnagar.
Nicotine Anonymous (NicA) is a twelve-step program founded in 1982 for people desiring to quit smoking and live free of nicotine. [1] As of July 2017, there are over 700 face-to-face meetings in 32 countries worldwide [2] with the majority of these meetings occurring in the United States, [2] Iran, [citation needed] India, [2] Canada, [2] Brazil, [2] the United Kingdom, [2] Australia, [2 ...
Tobacco harm reduction (THR) is a public health strategy to lower the health risks to individuals and wider society associated with using tobacco products. It is an example of the concept of harm reduction, a strategy for dealing with the use of drugs. Tobacco smoking is widely acknowledged as a leading cause of illness and death, [1] and ...