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Sigma (/ ˈsɪɡmə / SIG-mə; [ 1 ] uppercase Σ, lowercase σ, lowercase in word-final position ς; Greek: σίγμα) is the eighteenth letter of the Greek alphabet. In the system of Greek numerals, it has a value of 200. In general mathematics, uppercase Σ is used as an operator for summation.
Glossary of mathematical symbols. A mathematical symbol is a figure or a combination of figures that is used to represent a mathematical object, an action on mathematical objects, a relation between mathematical objects, or for structuring the other symbols that occur in a formula. As formulas are entirely constituted with symbols of various ...
t. e. In mathematics, summation is the addition of a sequence of numbers, called addends or summands; the result is their sum or total. Beside numbers, other types of values can be summed as well: functions, vectors, matrices, polynomials and, in general, elements of any type of mathematical objects on which an operation denoted "+" is defined.
propositional logic, Boolean algebra, first-order logic. ⊥ {\displaystyle \bot } denotes a proposition that is always false. The symbol ⊥ may also refer to perpendicular lines. The proposition. ⊥ ∧ P {\displaystyle \bot \wedge P} is always false since at least one of the two is unconditionally false. ∀.
t. e. Greek letters are used in mathematics, science, engineering, and other areas where mathematical notation is used as symbols for constants, special functions, and also conventionally for variables representing certain quantities. In these contexts, the capital letters and the small letters represent distinct and unrelated entities.
The mean and the standard deviation of a set of data are descriptive statistics usually reported together. In a certain sense, the standard deviation is a "natural" measure of statistical dispersion if the center of the data is measured about the mean. This is because the standard deviation from the mean is smaller than from any other point.
hide. For an algebraic structure admitting a given signature Σ of operations, see Universal algebra. In mathematical analysis and in probability theory, a σ-algebra ("sigma algebra"; also σ-field, where the σ comes from the German "Summe" [ 1 ]) on a set X is a nonempty collection Σ of subsets of X closed under complement, countable unions ...
Statistical significance. Appearance. In statistical hypothesis testing, 1 [ 2 ] a result has statistical significance when a result at least as "extreme" would be very infrequent if the null hypothesis were true. 3 More precisely, a study's defined significance level, denoted by , is the probability of the study rejecting the null hypothesis ...