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String theory is a theoretical framework that attempts to address these questions and many others. The starting point for string theory is the idea that the point-like particles of particle physics can also be modeled as one-dimensional objects called strings. String theory describes how strings propagate through space and interact with each other.
1943–1959: S-matrix theory. String theory represents an outgrowth of S-matrix theory, [1] a research program begun by Werner Heisenberg in 1943 [2] following John Archibald Wheeler 's 1937 introduction of the S-matrix. [3] Many prominent theorists picked up and advocated S-matrix theory, starting in the late 1950s and throughout the 1960s.
Leonard Susskind. Leonard Susskind (/ ˈsʌskɪnd /; born June 16, 1940) [ 2 ][ 3 ] is an American theoretical physicist, Professor of theoretical physics at Stanford University and founding director of the Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics. His research interests are string theory, quantum field theory, quantum statistical mechanics ...
Graham G. Ross James Binney. Brian Randolph Greene[ 1 ] (born February 9, 1963) is an American physicist known for his research on string theory. He is a professor of physics and mathematics at Columbia University and the chairman of the World Science Festival, which he co-founded in 2008.
Michio Kaku (Japanese: カク ミチオ, 加來 道雄, / ˈmiːtʃioʊˈkɑːkuː /; born January 24, 1947) is an American physicist, science communicator, futurologist, and writer of popular-science. He is a professor of theoretical physics at the City College of New York and the CUNY Graduate Center. Kaku is the author of several books about ...
Edward Witten (born August 26, 1951) is an American theoretical physicist known for his contributions to string theory, topological quantum field theory, and various areas of mathematics. He is a professor emeritus in the school of natural sciences at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton . [ 4 ]
He is one of the world's leading experts in string field theory. He wrote the textbook A First Course in String Theory (2004, ISBN 0-521-83143-1 ), meant for undergraduates. [ 1 ] [ 2 ]
Holographic principle. The holographic principle is a property of string theories and a supposed property of quantum gravity that states that the description of a volume of space can be thought of as encoded on a lower-dimensional boundary to the region – such as a light-like boundary like a gravitational horizon. [1][2] First proposed by ...